Antibiotics in dentistry--an update

This review article considers the changes in antibiotic usage over the past 40 years. Perhaps the most significant advance is in the prophylactic use of these drugs to reduce the effect of dentally induced bacteraemia. A greater understanding of various dental infections and, in particular, the role of bacteria in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, has led to further interest in the indications for these drugs as adjunctive measures. Whilst new indications for the use of antibiotics become more widespread, all members of the healthcare professions need to be aware that these drugs have significant adverse effects and their misuse can lead to life-threatening infection.

Antibiotics have revolutionized the control of infectious diseases and have a significant role in dental practice. Dentists should be fully appraised of the benefits of these drugs and when they should be prescribed. Antibiotics usage should not be a substitute for interventional procedures, such as drainage of pus or removal of sources of infection. Indications for the use of these drugs as prophylactic measures are now reducing.