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Related Concept Videos

Karyotyping01:17

Karyotyping

Overview
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Applications of Molecular Taxonomy01:20

Applications of Molecular Taxonomy

Molecular taxonomy has revolutionized the understanding and classification of bacteria, providing precise insights into their diversity, evolutionary relationships, and ecological roles. By utilizing molecular techniques such as DNA sequencing and fingerprinting, researchers have made significant strides in various fields related to bacterial studies.Resolving Taxonomic AmbiguitiesMolecular taxonomy has been instrumental in distinguishing closely related bacterial species initially thought to...
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
Cancer02:18

Cancer

Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Oncogenic Gene Fusion Detection Using Anchored Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Followed by Next Generation Sequencing
09:49

Oncogenic Gene Fusion Detection Using Anchored Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Followed by Next Generation Sequencing

Published on: July 5, 2019

Molecular cytogenetics: recent developments and applications in cancer.

K Das1, P Tan

  • 1Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.

Clinical Genetics
|July 9, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Cancer often involves abnormal chromosome numbers due to faulty cell division. Molecular cytogenetics, including fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and high-throughput sequencing, helps characterize these genomic variations for improved cancer therapeutics.

Keywords:
CGHM-FISHarray-CGHcancerfluorescence in situ hybridizationgenomicsmolecular cytogeneticsnext generation sequencingspectral karyotyping

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Oncogenic Gene Fusion Detection Using Anchored Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Followed by Next Generation Sequencing
09:49

Oncogenic Gene Fusion Detection Using Anchored Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Followed by Next Generation Sequencing

Published on: July 5, 2019

Next Generation Sequencing for the Detection of Actionable Mutations in Solid and Liquid Tumors
11:15

Next Generation Sequencing for the Detection of Actionable Mutations in Solid and Liquid Tumors

Published on: September 20, 2016

Chromosome Preparation From Cultured Cells
07:42

Chromosome Preparation From Cultured Cells

Published on: January 28, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Aneuploidy, or abnormal chromosome numbers, is a hallmark of cancer, often stemming from errors in chromosome segregation during cell division.
  • Molecular cytogenetics has been pivotal in understanding cancer's chromosomal abnormalities, with techniques like fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) offering single-cell genomic variation insights.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution and application of molecular cytogenetic techniques in cancer characterization.
  • To highlight how advancements from early methods to high-throughput sequencing aid in identifying therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Review of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for single-cell analysis.
  • Discussion of chromosome-specific FISH karyotyping and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH).
  • Exploration of high-throughput sequencing technologies for comprehensive genomic analysis.

Main Results:

  • Molecular cytogenetics, including FISH, provides critical data on genomic variations in malignant cells.
  • Advanced techniques detect cryptic genetic changes, chromosomal rearrangements, somatic mutations, and fusion genes.
  • High-throughput sequencing offers a more comprehensive genomic analysis, revealing novel targets for cancer therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Both early and recent molecular cytogenetic approaches are invaluable for characterizing diverse cancers.
  • Genomic insights derived from these techniques are crucial for developing and refining cancer therapeutics.