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Related Concept Videos

Menses Phase01:18

Menses Phase

The uterine cycle begins with the menstrual phase, which is considered day one of the cycle and typically lasts about five days. This phase is characterized by the degeneration and shedding of the stratum functionalis, the functional layer of the endometrium.
When fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum deteriorates, causing a significant drop in the levels of estrogen and progesterone in the body. This hormonal decrease triggers the release of prostaglandins, which cause the uterine...
The Menstrual Cycle01:19

The Menstrual Cycle

The menstrual cycle is a recurrent sequence of changes in the uterine endometrium, specifically its functional layer, the stratum functionalis. This cycle prepares the uterus for potential pregnancy. This cycle typically spans 21–35 days, averaging 28 days, and aligns with the ovarian cycle, regulated by fluctuating levels of ovarian hormones, primarily estrogen and progesterone.
The menstrual phase occurs from days 1 to 5 and involves the shedding of the stratum functionalis, as a uterine...
Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol abuse, or...
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.
Venous Thrombosis IV: Nursing Management01:30

Venous Thrombosis IV: Nursing Management

Nursing management begins with a thorough assessment of the patient's health history. Key factors include trauma to veins, peripherally inserted central catheters, varicose veins, recent pregnancy or childbirth, surgery, bacteremia, prolonged bed rest, atrial fibrillation, COPD, heart failure, cancer, coagulation disorders, myocardial infarction, spinal cord injury, stroke, prolonged travel, recent bone fractures, and dehydration. Review medication intake, particularly oral contraceptives,...
Irritable Bowel Syndrome III: Medical and Nursing Management01:30

Irritable Bowel Syndrome III: Medical and Nursing Management

Managing Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) involves a multifaceted approach, including lifestyle modifications, dietary changes, and medication.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Auricular Point Acupressure Therapy: A Safe and Effective Treatment for Postsurgical Abortion Recovery
07:28

Auricular Point Acupressure Therapy: A Safe and Effective Treatment for Postsurgical Abortion Recovery

Published on: February 3, 2026

How I manage heavy menstrual bleeding.

Menaka Pai1, Anthony Chan, Ronald Barr

  • 1Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.

British Journal of Haematology
|July 9, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) affects 10-35% of women. This review covers HMB definition, causes, diagnosis, and focuses on medical treatments for this common gynecological issue.

Keywords:
bleeding disordersconsultative haematologyheavy menstrual bleedingiron deficiencywomen's health

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Auricular Point Acupressure Therapy: A Safe and Effective Treatment for Postsurgical Abortion Recovery
07:28

Auricular Point Acupressure Therapy: A Safe and Effective Treatment for Postsurgical Abortion Recovery

Published on: February 3, 2026

Area of Science:

  • Gynecology
  • Hematology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is a prevalent condition, affecting 10-35% of women.
  • Approximately 5% of women seek medical evaluation for HMB, representing 15% of gynecologist referrals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the definition, causes, and clinical outcomes of HMB.
  • To outline a diagnostic approach for HMB.
  • To focus on medical management strategies for HMB.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of HMB definition, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment.
  • Discussion of clinical and laboratory evaluation for HMB.
  • Emphasis on non-surgical treatment options for HMB.

Main Results:

  • HMB has diverse local and systemic causes requiring thorough evaluation.
  • A systematic diagnostic approach is essential for effective HMB management.
  • Medical treatments are highlighted as a primary focus for managing HMB.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis is crucial for guiding appropriate HMB management.
  • Medical interventions offer effective solutions for women experiencing HMB.
  • Further research is needed to address areas of controversy in HMB treatment.