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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

An Ex vivo Model of an Oligodendrocyte-directed T-Cell Attack in Acute Brain Slices
06:36

An Ex vivo Model of an Oligodendrocyte-directed T-Cell Attack in Acute Brain Slices

Published on: February 5, 2015

CD8(+) T cells in multiple sclerosis.

Aleksandar Denic1, Bharath Wootla, Moses Rodriguez

  • 1Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 , USA.

Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets
|July 9, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

CD8(+) T cells play a pathogenic role in multiple sclerosis (MS), contrary to earlier beliefs. Research highlights their clonal expansion in MS lesions and potential damage to central nervous system cells.

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Flow Cytometric Analysis of Lymphocyte Infiltration in Central Nervous System during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
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Flow Cytometric Analysis of Lymphocyte Infiltration in Central Nervous System during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: November 17, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

An Ex vivo Model of an Oligodendrocyte-directed T-Cell Attack in Acute Brain Slices
06:36

An Ex vivo Model of an Oligodendrocyte-directed T-Cell Attack in Acute Brain Slices

Published on: February 5, 2015

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Lymphocyte Infiltration in Central Nervous System during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
09:01

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Lymphocyte Infiltration in Central Nervous System during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: November 17, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Demyelinating Diseases
  • T cell immunology

Background:

  • Historically, CD4(+) T cells were the primary focus in demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • Recent human studies indicate a significant pathogenic role for CD8(+) T cells in MS lesions and cerebrospinal fluid.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolving understanding of CD8(+) T cell involvement in demyelinating diseases.
  • To discuss the diverse roles of CD8(+) T cell subsets in the context of MS.

Main Methods:

  • Summarizing a shift in focus from CD4(+) to CD8(+) T cell-mediated demyelinating disease.
  • Reviewing evidence of CD8(+) T cell clonal expansion in MS lesions.
  • Examining in vitro data on CD8(+) T cell-induced injury to central nervous system (CNS) cells and axons.

Main Results:

  • CD8(+) T cells demonstrate the capacity to injure all central nervous system (CNS) cell types and transect axons.
  • Evidence from animal models supports the role of CD8(+) T cells in MS pathogenesis.
  • Regulatory, interleukin-17 (IL-17)-secreting CD8(+) T cells are identified as potentially beneficial.

Conclusions:

  • Substantial evidence confirms the pathogenic role of CD8(+) T cells in MS.
  • Clonally expanded CD8(+) T cells in MS lesions are implicated in nervous system damage.
  • Identifying specific antigens is crucial for developing targeted MS therapies.