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Related Concept Videos

Phase Diagrams of Ternary Systems01:28

Phase Diagrams of Ternary Systems

Consider a ternary system, which is composed of three components: water (W), ethanoic acid (E), and trichloromethane (T). Here, Ethanoic acid (E) is fully miscible with both water (W) and trichloromethane (T), meaning it can mix entirely with either of them. However, water and trichloromethane have partial miscibility, meaning they can only mix to a certain extent, beyond which two separate phases will form.The phase diagram of a ternary system is represented as an equilateral triangle, where...
Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
Phase Diagram01:24

Phase Diagram

A phase diagram is a graphical representation of the physical states of a substance under different conditions of temperature and pressure. It shows the boundaries between solid, liquid, and gas phases and the conditions at which these phases coexist in equilibrium. An area in a phase diagram represents a single phase, whereas lines or phase boundaries represent the equilibrium between two phases.In the phase diagram of water, the boundary line between the solid and liquid states illustrates...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
08:55

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

Computing phase diagrams for a quasicrystal-forming patchy-particle system.

Aleks Reinhardt1, Flavio Romano, Jonathan P K Doye

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom.

Physical Review Letters
|July 9, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new method to calculate quasicrystal free energy, revealing that dodecagonal quasicrystals are a stable and robust phase, even entropically favored over crystalline structures.

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
08:55

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

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Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles

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Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
06:26

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets

Published on: May 15, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Quasicrystals exhibit unique long-range order without translational periodicity.
  • Understanding the thermodynamic stability of quasicrystalline phases is crucial for materials design.
  • Patchy particle models provide a versatile platform for studying self-assembly and phase behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply a computational approach for determining the free energy of quasicrystals.
  • To calculate the phase diagram for a specific system of 2D patchy particles known to form quasicrystals.
  • To investigate the thermodynamic stability and entropic contributions to quasicrystal formation.

Main Methods:

  • Free energy computation for quasicrystalline structures.
  • Phase diagram calculation for systems of two-dimensional patchy particles.
  • Analysis of entropic stabilization mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • The dodecagonal quasicrystal is identified as a thermodynamically stable phase across a broad range of conditions.
  • The quasicrystal phase is robust and persists despite variations in interaction potential parameters.
  • Entropic stabilization of the quasicrystal over its crystalline approximants is demonstrated.

Conclusions:

  • The developed free energy calculation method is effective for studying quasicrystal thermodynamics.
  • The dodecagonal quasicrystal is a significant and stable phase in the investigated patchy particle system.
  • Entropy plays a key role in stabilizing quasicrystals against competing crystalline structures.