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Migration00:53

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Baylisascaris larva migrans.

Kevin R Kazacos1, Linda A Jelicks, Herbert B Tanowitz

  • 1Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|July 9, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Baylisascaris procyonis, a raccoon roundworm, causes serious neural larva migrans (NLM) and ocular larva migrans (OLM) in humans. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial, but prognoses for neurological and visual recovery remain poor.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Parasitology
  • Human Infectious Diseases
  • Neuroparasitology

Background:

  • Baylisascaris procyonis is a raccoon-associated roundworm found globally.
  • Larval migration causes neural larva migrans (NLM) and ocular larva migrans (OLM) in humans, particularly children.
  • NLM presents as eosinophilic meningoencephalitis; OLM as diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of Baylisascaris procyonis infections in humans.
  • To highlight the severe neurological and ocular consequences of larval migration.
  • To emphasize the challenges in managing these infections.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical cases and scientific literature.
  • Diagnostic methods include larval identification, serology, and neuroimaging.
  • Treatment involves antiparasitic drugs (albendazole) and corticosteroids.

Main Results:

  • Baylisascaris procyonis infections can lead to severe, irreversible neurological damage and vision loss.
  • Diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical signs, history, and laboratory findings.
  • Prognosis is often poor, even with treatment, especially once symptoms are established.

Conclusions:

  • Baylisascaris procyonis poses a significant zoonotic threat, causing severe NLM and OLM.
  • Prompt diagnosis and intervention are critical but do not guarantee full recovery.
  • Public health awareness and preventative measures are essential to minimize human exposure.