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Diversity of Protists I

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Excavata is a diverse group of protists that includes both chemoorganotrophic and phototrophic species, with some thriving in anaerobic environments. Among the key groups within Excavata are diplomonads and parabasalids, which are flagellated protists that lack mitochondria and chloroplasts. These microorganisms typically inhabit anoxic environments, such as the intestines of animals, where they exist either symbiotically or as parasites, relying on fermentation for energy production. Some...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Cultivation of Heligmosomoides Polygyrus: An Immunomodulatory Nematode Parasite and its Secreted Products

Cultivation of Heligmosomoides Polygyrus: An Immunomodulatory Nematode Parasite and its Secreted Products

Published on: April 6, 2015

Paragonimiasis.

Jong-Yil Chai¹

¹Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology

|July 9, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Human paragonimiasis, a parasitic infection, can affect the brain, primarily caused by Paragonimus westermani. Diagnosis involves serological and radiological tests, with praziquantel as the main treatment.

Keywords:

Paragonimus Paragonimus westermani cerebral paragonimiasis paragonimiasis praziquantel spinal paragonimiasis

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Published on: July 8, 2025

Area of Science:

Infectious Diseases
Parasitology
Neurology

Background:

Human paragonimiasis is caused by nine Paragonimus species.
Cerebral and spinal involvements are most common in Paragonimus westermani infections.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of human paragonimiasis, with a focus on cerebral involvement.

Main Methods:

Literature review of human paragonimiasis, focusing on species, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic agents.

Main Results:

Cerebral paragonimiasis accounts for approximately 45% of extrapulmonary cases, with seizures and headaches as major symptoms.
Serological tests (ELISA, immunoblotting) and imaging (CT, MRI) are key diagnostic tools.
Praziquantel is the primary treatment; triclabendazole shows efficacy in certain species but requires further study for P. westermani.

Conclusions:

Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of cerebral paragonimiasis are crucial for patient outcomes.
Further research is needed to clarify the efficacy of triclabendazole in Paragonimus westermani infections.