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Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses

Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses

Published on: December 29, 2015

An essential fifth coding ORF in the sobemoviruses.

Roger Ling¹, Adrienne E Pate, John P Carr

¹Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK.

|July 9, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers discovered a new gene, ORFx, in sobemoviruses. Disrupting this gene prevents virus infection, highlighting its crucial role in viral replication and spread.

Keywords:

Leaky scanning Non-AUG initiation Plant virus Sobemovirus Translation

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Published on: November 1, 2011

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Published on: November 1, 2011

Area of Science:

Virology
Molecular Biology
Genomics

Background:

Sobemoviruses possess some of the smallest known RNA virus genomes.
Key genes include ORF1 (P1 protein for silencing suppression and movement), ORFs 2a/2b (replicational polyproteins), and ORF3 (coat protein).
ORF2a translation relies on a leaky scanning mechanism.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify and characterize novel open reading frames (ORFs) within the sobemovirus genome.
To investigate the function and necessity of a newly identified conserved ORF, designated ORFx.

Main Methods:

Bioinformatic analysis to identify conserved ORFs across sobemovirus genomes.
Site-directed mutagenesis in turnip rosette virus to disrupt ORFx translation.
Infection assays to assess the impact of mutations on viral establishment.

Main Results:

A conserved, additional ORF (ORFx) was identified in all sobemoviruses.
ORFx overlaps the 5' end of ORF2a and initiates translation via non-AUG codons (e.g., CUG).
Mutations preventing ORFx translation abolished turnip rosette virus infection.

Conclusions:

ORFx is a novel, essential gene for sobemovirus infectivity.
The discovery of ORFx expands our understanding of sobemovirus genome organization and expression.
ORFx represents a potential target for antiviral strategies against sobemovirus infections.