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Published on: June 3, 2022
[Penile congenital abnormalities]
1Service d'urologie et de la transplantation rénale, CHU de Grenoble, 38043 Grenoble, France. BBoillot@chu-grenoble.fr
Insights
Congenital penile abnormalities like hypospadias are increasingly diagnosed, potentially linked to endocrine disruptors. Early surgical intervention improves outcomes for these common birth defects.
Area of Science:
- Urology
- Pediatric Surgery
- Developmental Biology
Context:
- Congenital penile abnormalities present significant aesthetic and functional challenges.
- Diagnosis typically occurs at birth, necessitating potential surgical intervention.
Purpose:
- To review the literature on penile malformations, focusing on incidence, causes, and management.
- To highlight the importance of early and specialized surgical care for congenital penile abnormalities.
Summary:
- Hypospadias is the most common penile malformation, with incidence doubling over 30 years, possibly due to endocrine disruptors.
- Surgical treatment aims to correct cosmetic issues and ensure normal sexual function and fertility.
- Management of other penile malformations and their adult sequelae requires specialized surgical expertise.
Impact:
- Improved surgical techniques and pediatric anesthesia enable early, effective treatment of penile malformations.
- Addressing sequelae in adulthood requires experienced surgical management for both pediatric and adult patients.
Introduction:
Congenital abnormalities of the penis are usually diagnosed at birth and pose aesthetic and functional problems sometimes requiring surgical management.
Methods:
A literature review was conducted on Medline considering the articles listed until January 2012.
Results:
Hypospadias is the most common malformation (1 in 250 boys. Familial forms: 7%). The causes remain hypothetical but the doubling of the incidence in 30 years could be linked to fetal exposure to endocrine disruptors "estrogen-like" used in the food industry in particular. Surgical treatment is usually intended to improve the aesthetic appearance but sometimes, in case of significant curvature or posterior meatus, necessary for normal sexual life and fertility. Other malformations (epispades, buried penis, transpositions, twists and preputial abnormalities) as well as management for functional or aesthetic consequences of these malformations in adulthood require complex surgical care in a specialized environment.
Conclusion:
The improvement of surgical techniques and pediatric anesthesia allows an early and effective specialized surgical approach of penile malformations. Management of sequelae in adulthood must be discussed and requires experience of surgical techniques on pediatric and adult penis.
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