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Related Concept Videos

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...

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Updated: May 9, 2026

Reprogramming Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma to Pluripotency
07:08

Reprogramming Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma to Pluripotency

Published on: February 2, 2024

Malignant genome reprogramming by ATAD2.

Fayçal Boussouar1, Mahya Jamshidikia, Yuichi Morozumi

  • 1INSERM, U823, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1, Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble, F-38700, France.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
|July 9, 2013
PubMed
Summary

The protein ATAD2, over-expressed in cancers, drives tumor growth by stimulating gene transcription. Inhibiting ATAD2

Keywords:
Bromodomain inhibitorCancer testisGermlineH4K5acMyc

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ATAC-Seq Optimization for Cancer Epigenetics Research
07:13

ATAC-Seq Optimization for Cancer Epigenetics Research

Published on: June 30, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Unscheduled expression of cellular regulators, like ATAD2, is implicated in malignant genome reprogramming and tumor development.
  • ATAD2, a conserved protein typically found in germ cells, is over-expressed in various cancers.
  • Its structure, featuring a bromodomain and AAA-ATPase domain, suggests a role in chromatin regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on ATAD2.
  • To evaluate ATAD2's role as a cancer driver.
  • To assess ATAD2's potential as a novel anti-cancer therapeutic target.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature on ATAD2.
  • Analysis of ATAD2's molecular function and interactions.
  • Evaluation of ATAD2's oncogenic potential and therapeutic targeting strategies.

Main Results:

  • Activated ATAD2 interacts with transcription factors to stimulate target gene expression, including ATAD2 itself.
  • This ATAD2-mediated transcriptional loop enhances cell proliferation and promotes resistance to apoptosis.
  • ATAD2's function in cancer progression is dependent on its own activity.

Conclusions:

  • ATAD2 plays a critical role in promoting cancer cell proliferation and survival.
  • Targeting ATAD2's AAA-ATPase and bromodomain with small molecule inhibitors presents a promising anti-cancer strategy.
  • Neutralizing ATAD2 activity could be a viable approach for cancer therapy.