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Related Concept Videos

Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...

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Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models
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Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models

Published on: December 3, 2019

Update on HIV/HCV coinfection.

Vincent Soriano1, Eugenia Vispo, Jose Vicente Fernandez-Montero

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Carlos III, Calle Sinesio Delgado 10, Madrid 28029, Spain. vsoriano@dragonet.es

Current HIV/AIDS Reports
|July 9, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) significantly worsens liver disease in individuals with HIV. While new direct-acting antivirals (DAA) offer cures, challenges like rising HCV incidence and DAA costs hinder widespread treatment.

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Two Methods of Heterokaryon Formation to Discover HCV Restriction Factors

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • HIV-positive individuals face high rates of liver disease, often exacerbated by Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) coinfection.
  • HCV in HIV coinfection potentiates immune activation and chronic inflammation, increasing risks for cardiovascular events, kidney disease, and cancers.
  • HIV-associated immunosuppression further enhances hepatic damage in coinfected individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the significant impact of HCV on liver disease progression in HIV-positive individuals.
  • To discuss the revolutionary advancements in Hepatitis C therapeutics with direct-acting antivirals (DAA).
  • To identify persistent challenges in eliminating HCV from the HIV-coinfected population.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on HIV-HCV coinfection and its management.
  • Analysis of the impact of direct-acting antivirals (DAA) on HCV treatment outcomes.
  • Identification of barriers to DAA access and efficacy in coinfected individuals.

Main Results:

  • HCV is a major driver of liver disease, hospitalization, and death in HIV-positive individuals.
  • Direct-acting antivirals (DAA) represent a revolutionary therapeutic approach with high cure rates.
  • Challenges include rising acute HCV incidence, potential drug interactions, and high DAA costs.

Conclusions:

  • While DAA offer a cure for Hepatitis C, prompt elimination in the HIV-coinfected population faces significant hurdles.
  • Addressing rising HCV incidence, drug interactions, and DAA accessibility is crucial for comprehensive care.
  • Continued research and policy interventions are needed to overcome barriers to HCV eradication in this vulnerable group.