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Related Concept Videos

Reporter Genes02:11

Reporter Genes

Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
Commonly used reporter...

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Related Experiment Video

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Lentiviral Mediated Production of Transgenic Mice: A Simple and Highly Efficient Method for Direct Study of Founders
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Transgenic analysis of GFAP promoter elements.

Sujeong Yeo1, Susanta Bandyopadhyay, Albee Messing

  • 1Department of Neurobiology and the Civitan International Research Center, Center for Glial Biology in Medicine, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0021, USA.

Glia
|July 9, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Glial fibrillary acidic protein gene (GFAP) regulation involves multiple cooperative sites in its promoter region. Key transcription factors like NFI, SP1, STAT3, and NF-κB are crucial for GFAP expression strength and astrocyte specificity.

Keywords:
AP-1GATAGFAPNF-κBNFISP1STAT3transcriptiontransgenic mice

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Published on: March 12, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) gene expression is astrocyte-specific and increases with central nervous system (CNS) injuries.
  • Previous studies indicated GFAP transcription differs between transfected cells and in vivo mouse models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify crucial promoter elements regulating human GFAP gene transcription using a transgenic approach.
  • To investigate the cooperative roles of upstream regulatory regions and specific transcription factor binding sites.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a transgenic mouse model to study GFAP gene regulation, bypassing limitations of cell transfection.
  • Performed block mutations within the upstream B region (bp -1612 to -1489) and specific transcription factor binding sites (AP-1, NFI, SP1, STAT3, NF-κB) in regulatory segments C1.1 and C1.2.

Main Results:

  • Block mutations within the B region decreased transgene activity by at least 50%, highlighting cooperative action of multiple sites.
  • Several mutations affected brain region expression patterns, astrocyte specificity, and developmental timing.
  • Identified NFI, SP1, STAT3, and NF-κB as critical for GFAP promoter activity strength and astrocyte specificity, while AP-1 site mutation had minimal effect.

Conclusions:

  • The GFAP promoter contains multiple cooperative regulatory elements essential for its transcriptional activity.
  • Specific transcription factors, including NFI, SP1, STAT3, and NF-κB, play significant roles in controlling GFAP expression in astrocytes.