A rare case of complete second arch branchial fistula in a 7-year-old child

Area of Science:

• Developmental biology
• Surgical anatomy
• Pediatric surgery

Background:

• Branchial fistulae result from the abnormal persistence of embryonic branchial clefts.
• Complete branchial fistulae, featuring both internal and external openings, are exceptionally uncommon.
• Second arch branchial cleft anomalies are the most frequent type of branchial cleft anomalies.

Observation:

• A rare case of a complete second arch branchial fistula was identified in a 7-year-old boy.
• The diagnosis was confirmed using a fistulogram, a specialized imaging technique.
• The fistula presented with both an internal and an external opening.

Findings:

• Surgical excision of the entire fistulous tract was performed.
• The patient experienced a successful treatment outcome post-excision.
• Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis and the nature of the tract.

Implications:

• This case underscores the importance of accurate diagnosis and complete surgical resection for managing rare congenital anomalies.
• Successful treatment of complete branchial fistulae can prevent complications such as recurrent infections and improve patient quality of life.
• Further research into the embryological basis and surgical techniques for rare branchial cleft anomalies is warranted.