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Related Concept Videos

Electron Transport Chains01:28

Electron Transport Chains

The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
The ETC is comprised of...
Electron Transport Chain Components01:29

Electron Transport Chain Components

The electron transport chain (ETC) is a crucial metabolic pathway that facilitates energy conversion in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotes, the ETC comprises four membrane-associated protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane. In prokaryotes, the ETC in the plasma membrane can vary in composition, with fewer or different complexes depending on the organism and environmental conditions. These complexes transfer electrons from electron donors, such as NADH and FADH2, to...
Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV01:43

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV

During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
The Electron Transport Chain01:30

The Electron Transport Chain

The electron transport chain or oxidative phosphorylation is an exothermic process in which free energy released during electron transfer reactions is coupled to ATP synthesis. This process is a significant source of energy in aerobic cells, and therefore inhibitors of the electron transport chain can be detrimental to the cell's metabolic processes.
Inhibitors of the electron transport chain
Rotenone, a widely used pesticide, prevents electron transfer from Fe-S cluster to ubiquinone or Q in...
The Z-Scheme of Electron Transport in Photosynthesis01:34

The Z-Scheme of Electron Transport in Photosynthesis

The light reactions of photosynthesis assume a linear flow of electrons from water to NADP+. During this process, light energy drives the splitting of water molecules to produce oxygen. However, oxidation of water molecules is a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction and requires a strong oxidizing agent. This is accomplished by the first product of light reactions: oxidized P680 (or P680+), the most powerful oxidizing agent known in biology. The oxidized P680 that acquires an electron from the...

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Characterizing Electron Transport through Living Biofilms
08:52

Characterizing Electron Transport through Living Biofilms

Published on: June 1, 2018

Coherence in electron transfer pathways.

Spiros S Skourtis1, David N Beratan, David H Waldeck

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.

Procedia Chemistry
|July 9, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nuclear motion influences electron transfer by creating pathways for electron tunneling. Quantum interference effects arise from multiple pathways, impacting electron flow, especially in biological systems.

Keywords:
coherenceelectron transferelectron tunnelinginterference

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Quantum Mechanics
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Electron transfer reactions are fundamental to many chemical and biological processes.
  • The nonadiabatic regime involves electron tunneling through an electronic barrier.
  • Nuclear motion and molecular structure critically influence the tunneling pathway.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore quantum interferences among coupling pathways in electron-transfer kinetics.
  • To investigate the role of nuclear fluctuations in modulating electron flow.
  • To examine signatures of chirality and inelastic processes in tunneling pathway coherence.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of electron tunneling through anisotropic barriers.
  • Examination of experimental and theoretical results on electron transfer kinetics.
  • Focus on quantum interference phenomena in multi-pathway systems.

Main Results:

  • Identified specific pathways for electron amplitude propagation.
  • Demonstrated that nuclear coordinate modulation affects tunneling barrier height/width and electron flow.
  • Observed quantum interferences when multiple pathways yield comparable transmission amplitudes.

Conclusions:

  • Nuclear motion and molecular structure dictate electron tunneling pathways and coherence.
  • Quantum interference effects are significant in electron transfer, particularly in biological systems with significant nuclear fluctuations.
  • Chirality and inelastic processes provide insights into tunneling pathway coherence.