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Published on: October 28, 2020
Embodiment and agency: toward a holistic synthesis for developmental science
David C Witherington1, Shirley Heying
1Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA. dcwither@unm.edu
Relational developmental systems approaches offer a holistic framework for understanding development across biological, psychological, and sociocultural levels. This perspective emphasizes interlevel relations and explanatory pluralism for a comprehensive view of living systems.
Area of Science:
- Developmental Science
- Systems Theory
- Philosophy of Science
Background:
- Biologically reductionist accounts remain prominent in developmental science.
- Relational, systems-oriented approaches offer a more comprehensive framework for understanding development.
- The ontological implications of a relational perspective are not always fully articulated.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the importance of holistically couching interlevel relations within developing systems.
- To emphasize recognizing different modes of causal explanation based on part-to-whole and whole-to-part relations.
- To examine the ontological compatibility of embodiment approaches with a relational developmental systems perspective.
Main Methods:
- Conceptual analysis of relational, systems-oriented approaches.
- Examination of interlevel relations (e.g., biological to psychological) in terms of wholes and parts.
- Analysis of causal explanation modes (parts-to-whole vs. whole-to-parts).
- Ontological assessment of dynamic systems and enactive approaches to embodiment.
Main Results:
- Adopting a relational perspective necessitates an inclusive, explanatorily pluralistic ontological framework.
- Understanding interlevel relations requires considering both wholes and parts.
- Living systems exist as both subjects and objects at all organizational levels.
- Both dynamic systems and enactive approaches demonstrate ontological compatibility with a relational developmental systems perspective.
Conclusions:
- Relational, systems-oriented approaches are crucial for advancing developmental science theory and research.
- An explanatory pluralism, recognizing diverse causal modes, is essential for a comprehensive understanding of development.
- Embodiment approaches like dynamic systems and enactive frameworks align with a relational developmental systems perspective.
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