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Why the items versus parcels controversy needn't be one.

Todd D Little1, Mijke Rhemtulla, Kimberly Gibson

  • 1Center for Research Methods and Data Analysis.

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|July 10, 2013
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Summary

Item parcels in statistical analysis offer benefits but require careful consideration. Their appropriate use in factor analysis and structural equation modeling depends on specific research contexts and methodological precautions.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychometrics
  • Statistical Modeling

Background:

  • The use of item parcels in statistical analyses, particularly factor analysis and structural equation modeling, has been a long-standing debate.
  • Existing literature presents arguments both supporting and opposing the practice of parceling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical and contemporary arguments concerning the use of item parcels.
  • To evaluate these arguments in the context of accumulating empirical evidence on parcel performance.
  • To provide guidance on the judicious use of item parcels in statistical modeling.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive review of theoretical arguments and empirical research on item parceling.
  • Discussion of advantages and potential disadvantages of using item parcels.
  • Comparison of various item parceling strategies.

Main Results:

  • No universal recommendation for or against item parcels is warranted; their utility is context-dependent.
  • Item parcels are a tool with potential benefits and risks, contingent on informed application.
  • Empirical evidence highlights the importance of specific precautions during parcel creation and interpretation.

Conclusions:

  • The decision to use item parcels should be based on a nuanced understanding of their methodological implications.
  • Researchers must exercise caution and adhere to best practices when creating and interpreting models based on item parcels.
  • Further research is needed to refine parceling strategies and their application in complex statistical models.