Relapsed and refractory aggressive NHL: time for a change

Despite improvements in treatment for aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), the outcomes for patients with relapsed or refractory B- or T-cell NHL after primary therapy remain poor. While some patients may be cured by the standard of care of salvage chemotherapy followed by high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), this treatment is unsuitable for the majority. Advances in disease biology and novel therapies have created uncertainty as to the role of old standards and opportunities to develop new rationally developed treatment options. We will review the standard approaches in this disease area and highlight areas that merit further study.