Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 9, 2026
06:07
Cigarette Smoke Exposure in Mice using a Whole-Body Inhalation System
Published on: October 22, 2020
Smoking denial in cardiovascular disease studies
S J Wallner-Liebmann1, T B Grammer, R Siekmeier
1Center of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|July 10, 2013
Summary
Self-reported smoking behavior in cardiovascular studies can be inaccurate. Measuring plasma cotinine levels provides objective nicotine exposure, revealing a 3.7% smoking denial rate in patients undergoing coronary angiography.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular research
- Biomarkers
- Public health
Background:
- Self-reported smoking behavior is a key risk factor in cardiovascular disease research.
- Inaccurate self-reporting can lead to misclassification of nicotine exposure and affect study outcomes.
- Biochemical markers, such as plasma cotinine levels, offer a more objective measure of smoking status.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the rate of discordance between self-reported smoking behavior and biochemically defined smoking status in patients undergoing coronary angiography.
- To identify factors associated with smoking denial.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of data from 3,316 patients hospitalized for coronary angiography.
- Collection of self-reported smoking behavior via questionnaire.
- Biochemical assessment of smoking status using a serum cotinine level cut-off of 15 μg/l.
Main Results:
- A smoking denial rate of 3.7% was observed, defined as high cotinine levels with self-reported never- or ex-smoking status.
- Male sex (OR 2.00) and older age (OR per year 0.79) were significantly associated with smoking denial in logistic regression analysis.
- Factors such as previous myocardial infarction and educational level were not significantly associated with smoking denial.
Conclusions:
- A 3.7% misclassification rate in assessing smoking status can significantly impact cardiovascular study results, potentially leading to false negatives.
- Biochemical markers like serum cotinine are crucial for accurate smoking assessment in cardiovascular research.
- Objective measurement of nicotine exposure is essential for reliable cardiovascular risk evaluation.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:26Atherosclerosis III: Management
Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
01:30Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
01:26Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
01:26Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures
Effective preventive measures for coronary artery disease (CAD) focus on controlling modifiable risk factors, including cholesterol abnormalities and lifestyle changes.Cholesterol ManagementFirst, the Mediterranean diet and the American Heart Association advocate for maintaining low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels below 100 mg/dL, with a more stringent recommendation of below 70 mg/dL for individuals at high risk. LDL cholesterol, often termed "bad cholesterol," can lead to the...
01:20Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray
The most common cardiovascular diagnostic test is an X-ray. It produces images of the heart, blood vessels, and adjacent structures.
Definition and Purpose
An X-ray, or radiograph, is a non-invasive method that uses ionizing radiation to take images of internal structures. It is mainly used in cardiac imaging to examine the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels, aiming to identify abnormalities in the heart's size, shape, and position, such as heart failure, congenital defects, and vascular...
Definition and Purpose
An X-ray, or radiograph, is a non-invasive method that uses ionizing radiation to take images of internal structures. It is mainly used in cardiac imaging to examine the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels, aiming to identify abnormalities in the heart's size, shape, and position, such as heart failure, congenital defects, and vascular...
01:26Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques IV
Stress often leads to unhealthy habits like smoking, excessive drinking, and overeating, which offer short-term relief but ultimately increase long-term health risks. These behaviors create a cycle that temporarily lowers stress levels but can result in severe long-term health consequences. Breaking these habits is essential to reduce the risk of chronic diseases and improve overall well-being. Three primary changes that support better health include quitting smoking, reducing alcohol intake,...