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Molecule-hugging graphene nanopores.

Slaven Garaj¹, Song Liu, Jene A Golovchenko

¹Department of Physics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|July 10, 2013

Summary

Graphene nanopores precisely match DNA diameter for high-sensitivity electronic detection. This breakthrough enables nanoscale resolution of molecular structures along polymers.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Biophysics

Background:

Solid-state nanopores in graphene membranes can detect single charged polymers.
Precise pore size matching is crucial for high-resolution molecular characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

To fabricate graphene nanopores closely matched to double-stranded DNA diameter.
To experimentally and theoretically investigate DNA translocation through these nanopores.
To assess the sensitivity and resolution of graphene nanopores for DNA analysis.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of single-atomic-layer graphene nanopores.
Electrophoretically driven translocation of DNA through nanopores.
Measurement and theoretical modeling of ionic current signals.

Main Results:

Graphene nanopores exhibit high sensitivity (0.65 nA/Å) to DNA diameter changes.
Nanopores resolve nanoscale-spaced molecular structures along DNA.
Optimal sensitivity achieved when pore and DNA diameters are closely matched.
Modeling indicates an inherent resolution of ≤ 0.6 nm along the DNA length.

Conclusions:

Atomically precise graphene nanopores offer exceptional sensitivity for detecting DNA.
Closely matched pore-to-molecule diameter is key for nanoscale structural resolution.
This technique advances electronic characterization of single long DNA molecules.