Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 9, 2026

Mouse Model of Surgical Uterine Injury and Subsequent Pregnancy Outcomes
Published on: June 27, 2025
[Risk factors of birth obstetric trauma]
Alejandrina Murguía-González1, Ricardo Jorge Hernández-Herrera, Manuel Nava-Bermea
1Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad 23, Hospital de Ginecologia y Obstetricia, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, NL.
Background:
The proper prenatal care for pregnant women is crucial to quickly identify risk factors for birth trauma.
Objective:
To identify risk factors for neonatal birth trauma.
Patients And Method:
Case-control study that included a patient in the case group for every two controls. The following risk factors were identified: cephalopelvic disproportion, macrosomia, use of forceps, precipitated or prolonged labor, malpresentation, and the most common types of birth trauma. We used descriptive statistics and odds ratios.
Results:
Statistically significant risk factors for birth trauma were: maternal age < or = 20 years (OR = 16) and > or = 30 years (OR = 2.5), first pregnancy (OR = 4.0), cephalopelvic disproportion (OR = 8.3), forceps delivery (OR = 9.4), birth weight greater than 3,800 g (OR = 6.6), and non-cephalic presentation (OR = 8.3). Found birth trauma types were: ecchymosis (40.4%), caput succedaneum (25%), erosion (15.4%), clavicle fracture (5.9%), brachial plexus paralysis (4.7%), inter alia. The perinatal outcome of 79 infants with birth trauma were compared to 158 healthy newborns.
Conclusion:
Risk factors associated with birth injuries were: Maternal (age, pregnancy), newborn (weight), and birth care (presentation, instrumentation and pelvic sufficiency).
Related Concept Videos
Drug Toxicity: Risk factors
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...
Development of the Oral Microbiota
Teratogenicity
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction
Factors Affecting Illness
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness, disability,...

