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Brucellosis in terrestrial wildlife.

J Godfroid1, B Garin-Bastuji, C Saegerman

  • 1Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, 9010 Tromsa, Norway. jacques.godfroid@nvh.no

Revue Scientifique Et Technique (International Office of Epizootics)
|July 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Brucellosis in wildlife poses risks to livestock and human health, with transmission often driven by animal behavior and interactions. Definitive diagnosis requires laboratory testing, and control relies on management practices, not vaccines.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary epidemiology
  • Zoonotic disease research
  • Wildlife health

Background:

  • The epidemiological link between brucellosis in wildlife, livestock, and humans is well-established.
  • Brucella abortus and Brucella suis are found in various wildlife species, while Brucella melitensis is rare.
  • Understanding wildlife brucellosis is crucial for disease control and public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the complexities of brucellosis in wildlife reservoirs.
  • To address key questions regarding spillover, reservoir potential, and zoonotic concerns.
  • To highlight diagnostic challenges and control strategies for wildlife brucellosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on brucellosis in wildlife.
  • Analysis of diagnostic methods including serological, bacteriological, and PCR-based techniques.
  • Examination of transmission dynamics, host-pathogen interactions, and risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Brucellosis prevalence in some wildlife is low, with animal behavior and interspecies interactions being key transmission drivers.
  • Current diagnostic tests have limitations; definitive diagnosis relies on bacterial isolation or PCR.
  • No effective wildlife brucellosis vaccine exists, emphasizing management strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Wildlife brucellosis presents a complex challenge with significant zoonotic implications.
  • Effective control necessitates integrated management practices addressing wildlife-livestock-human interfaces.
  • Human transmission risks are associated with handling infected animals and consuming raw products.