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Pleural Effusion I: Introduction

Pleural Effusion I: Introduction

Pleural effusion is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, a narrow space between the lungs and the chest wall. It is not a disease per se but rather a symptom or indication of an underlying disease. In normal circumstances, this space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), a lubricant facilitating the non-frictional movement of the pleural surfaces.
There are two main types of pleural effusion: transudative and exudative. They are differentiated using Light's criteria,...

Pleural Disorders: Types and Brief Description

Pleural Disorders: Types and Brief Description

The pleura is a vital part of the respiratory system. It's a double-layered membrane surrounding the lungs and lining the chest cavity. The two layers of the pleura are:

Pleura of the Lungs

Pleura of the Lungs

The lungs are nestled in a cavity, shielded by the pleura. The pleura, a form of serous membrane, wraps around each lung. This membrane arrangement consists of two layers: the visceral and parietal pleurae. The visceral pleura lines the surface of the lungIn contrast, the parietal pleura is the outer layer and contacts to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm. The hilum is the point of connection between the visceral and parietal layers. The space between the parietal and...

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management

Pleural Effusion Overview
A pleural effusion is the abnormal collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura layers of tissue that form the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. It can occur independently or due to surrounding parenchymal diseases, such as infection, malignancy, or inflammatory conditions.
Clinical Manifestations:

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:

Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan

Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan

Radiological investigations are paramount in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary diseases. Two essential investigations are the Pulmonary Angiogram and the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan.
Pulmonary Angiogram
A Pulmonary Angiogram is an invasive procedure involving injecting a contrast medium through a catheter threaded into the pulmonary artery or the right side of the heart to visualize the pulmonary vasculature. Computed Tomography (CT) scans have mainly replaced this...

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Updated: May 9, 2026

Local Anesthetic Thoracoscopy for Undiagnosed Pleural Effusion

Local Anesthetic Thoracoscopy for Undiagnosed Pleural Effusion

Published on: November 10, 2023

Pleural angiosarcoma mimicking pleural haematoma.

Cheng-Yu Chen¹, Yu-Chung Wu, Teh-Ying Chou

¹Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taiwan.

Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery

|July 11, 2013

Summary

This case highlights pleural angiosarcoma, a rare cancer. It presents as hematomas, leading to poor prognosis and significant bleeding risk.

Keywords:

Angiosarcoma Haematoma Haemothorax Pleural metastasis

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Local Anesthetic Thoracoscopy for Undiagnosed Pleural Effusion

Local Anesthetic Thoracoscopy for Undiagnosed Pleural Effusion

Published on: November 10, 2023

Area of Science:

Oncology
Pathology

Background:

Pleural angiosarcoma is exceptionally rare with a poor prognosis upon metastasis.
Early symptoms can be insidious, delaying diagnosis.

Observation:

A 69-year-old male presented with chest pain and weight loss.
Imaging revealed progressing loculated pleural effusion evolving into hematomas.
A concurrent thyroid tumor with calcification was noted.

Findings:

Exploratory thoracotomy confirmed pleural angiosarcoma.
Thyroid tumor aspiration cytology was consistent with angiosarcoma.
No other primary sites were identified.

Implications:

This case underscores the risk of massive, refractory hemothorax in pleural angiosarcoma presenting as hematomas.
Clinicians should consider angiosarcoma in patients with unexplained pleural hematomas, especially with concurrent thyroid abnormalities.
Early recognition and diagnosis are critical for managing this aggressive malignancy.