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Related Concept Videos

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction01:26

Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction

Cushing syndrome refers to the collection of clinical manifestations that arise when tissues are exposed to excessive amounts of cortisol or cortisol-like medications over an extended period. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism, immune responses, and the body’s adaptation to stress. When its concentration remains chronically elevated, these physiological pathways become dysregulated, resulting in the characteristic features of the syndrome.Exogenous...
Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:23

Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management

The clinical manifestations of gastritis can vary depending on the cause and type of gastritis, but some common symptoms may include the following.
Clinical manifestations of acute gastritis
The patient with acute gastritis may have a rapid onset of symptoms, such as epigastric pain or discomfort, dyspepsia, anorexia, hiccups, or nausea and vomiting, which can last from a few hours to a few days. Erosive or hemorrhagic gastritis may cause bleeding, which may manifest as blood in vomit or as...
Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...
Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:20

Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key difference between Superficial Vein Thrombosis (SVT) and Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) lies in their location and severity.Clinical ManifestationsSVT typically presents with localized pain, tenderness, and redness along the course of a superficial vein, often accompanied by a palpable, cord-like structure under the skin. This condition is usually less dangerous than DVT but can be uncomfortable and may lead to complications such as cellulitis or, rarely, a clot extension into the deep...

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Related Experiment Videos

Stewart-Treves syndrome: a case report.

D G McKeown1, P J Boland

  • 1Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1,275 York Avenue, Suite A342, New York, NY 10065, USA. mckeownd@mskcc.org

Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
|July 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Chronic lymphoedema can progress to Stewart-Treves syndrome, a rare cancer, after mastectomy. Early detection through regular follow-ups is crucial for managing this severe complication.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Dermatology
  • Surgical Oncology

Background:

  • Stewart-Treves syndrome is a rare condition characterized by angiosarcoma developing in the setting of chronic lymphoedema.
  • Chronic lymphoedema is a potential long-term complication following breast cancer surgery, particularly modified radical mastectomy with lymph node dissection.

Observation:

  • A 63-year-old woman with a history of modified radical mastectomy, lymph node dissection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy developed chronic lymphoedema.
  • The patient subsequently developed cutaneous lesions indicative of Stewart-Treves syndrome.

Findings:

  • Chemotherapy initially stabilized cutaneous lesions but did not prevent angiosarcoma metastasis.
  • The patient ultimately succumbed to the disease, highlighting the aggressive nature of Stewart-Treves syndrome.

Related Experiment Videos

Implications:

  • Vigilance and regular patient follow-up are essential after mastectomy and lymphoedema diagnosis.
  • Early identification and intervention strategies for Stewart-Treves syndrome in at-risk populations are critical.
  • This case underscores the importance of monitoring chronic lymphoedema for potential malignant transformation.