Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 9, 2026

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection
Published on: August 28, 2020
Enuresis and more
T W R Lee1, A J A Duff, T Martin
1Department of General Paediatrics, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds Children's Hospital, Leeds, UK. tim.lee@leedsth.nhs.uk
Insights
Pervasive Refusal Syndrome is a rare, debilitating condition. Treatment in a pediatric ward environment led to successful recovery, differing from previous mental health setting approaches.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Medicine
- Child Psychiatry
- Rare Diseases
Background:
- Pervasive Refusal Syndrome (PRS) is a rare and debilitating condition.
- PRS often presents to pediatric services, posing diagnostic and management challenges.
- Previous literature suggests mental health settings for PRS treatment.
Observation:
- This study observed the clinical presentation and treatment course of PRS.
- The study focused on cases managed within a pediatric ward setting.
- Treatment outcomes in a pediatric environment were monitored.
Findings:
- Successful recovery from Pervasive Refusal Syndrome was achieved.
- Treatment predominantly delivered in a pediatric ward environment was associated with positive outcomes.
- This contrasts with prior reports emphasizing mental health interventions.
Implications:
- Pediatric ward-based care is a viable and effective treatment strategy for PRS.
- These findings may influence clinical practice guidelines for managing PRS.
- Further research into optimal PRS management in pediatric settings is warranted.
Abstract:
We describe Pervasive Refusal Syndrome, an important but rare, debilitating condition that may present to paediatric services. Although previous reports have described improvement seen with care delivered in the mental health setting, we have demonstrated treatment predominately delivered in a paediatric ward environment associated with successful recovery.
Related Concept Videos
The Micturition Reflex
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating urine...
Urinary Bladder
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
Disorders of the Urinary System
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...
Ureters
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra
Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System I: Health History
