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Related Concept Videos

The Micturition Reflex01:26

The Micturition Reflex

Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating urine...
Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
Disorders of the Urinary System01:20

Disorders of the Urinary System

The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...
Ureters01:22

Ureters

The ureters are retroperitoneal tubes located on either side of the vertebral column. They are responsible for transporting urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder. These tubes have thick walls and are approximately 25-30 cm long. Their diameter is around 10 mm at the renal pelvis, gradually narrowing to 1 mm as the ureter obliquely enters the posterior bladder wall through the ureteric orifices. The shape of these orifices is slit-like, which helps to prevent urine backflow toward the...
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System I: Health History01:21

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System I: Health History

The genitourinary system is critical to maintaining fluid balance, waste elimination, and reproductive function. Nurses play a vital role in assessing this system, beginning with a thorough health history. This process involves gathering patient information, identifying risk factors, and recognizing symptoms of genitourinary disorders. Early detection is vital for timely interventions and management.1. Gathering Patient InformationA complete health history includes the patient’s personal,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection
03:26

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection

Published on: August 28, 2020

Enuresis and more.

T W R Lee1, A J A Duff, T Martin

  • 1Department of General Paediatrics, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds Children's Hospital, Leeds, UK. tim.lee@leedsth.nhs.uk

Archives of Disease in Childhood. Education and Practice Edition
|July 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pervasive Refusal Syndrome is a rare, debilitating condition. Treatment in a pediatric ward environment led to successful recovery, differing from previous mental health setting approaches.

Keywords:
Child PsychiatryChild PsychologyGeneral Paediatrics

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Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection
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Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection

Published on: August 28, 2020

Optimizing Mouse Urodynamic Techniques for Improved Accuracy
06:46

Optimizing Mouse Urodynamic Techniques for Improved Accuracy

Published on: June 7, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Medicine
  • Child Psychiatry
  • Rare Diseases

Background:

  • Pervasive Refusal Syndrome (PRS) is a rare and debilitating condition.
  • PRS often presents to pediatric services, posing diagnostic and management challenges.
  • Previous literature suggests mental health settings for PRS treatment.

Observation:

  • This study observed the clinical presentation and treatment course of PRS.
  • The study focused on cases managed within a pediatric ward setting.
  • Treatment outcomes in a pediatric environment were monitored.

Findings:

  • Successful recovery from Pervasive Refusal Syndrome was achieved.
  • Treatment predominantly delivered in a pediatric ward environment was associated with positive outcomes.
  • This contrasts with prior reports emphasizing mental health interventions.

Implications:

  • Pediatric ward-based care is a viable and effective treatment strategy for PRS.
  • These findings may influence clinical practice guidelines for managing PRS.
  • Further research into optimal PRS management in pediatric settings is warranted.