Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Real-world effectiveness and impact of the 4CMenB vaccine against serogroup B invasive meningococcal disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

NPJ vaccines·2026
Same author

Exploring the Utility of MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry and Antimicrobial Resistance in Hospital Outbreak Detection.

AMIA Joint Summits on Translational Science proceedings. AMIA Joint Summits on Translational Science·2026
Same author

Genomic epidemiology and transmission dynamics of plasmids carrying New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase ( <i>bla</i> <sub>NDM</sub> ) at a single hospital system over five years.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Whole genome sequencing to study SARS-CoV-2 transmission between university students and the surrounding community in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 2020-2021.

Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE·2026
Same author

Epidemiology of Pediatric Invasive Group A Streptococcal Infections in 10 U.S. States, 2004-2023.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·2026
Same author

Differential virulence potential of different clades of multidrug-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> ST258.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Inducing Meningococcal Meningitis Serogroup C in Mice via Intracisternal Delivery
10:03

Inducing Meningococcal Meningitis Serogroup C in Mice via Intracisternal Delivery

Published on: November 5, 2019

Meningococcal vaccines: current issues and future strategies.

Amanda C Cohn1, Lee H Harrison

  • 1Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. MS C-25, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. acohn@cdc.gov

Drugs
|July 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Meningococcal conjugate vaccines have greatly reduced disease and death since 1999. Continued surveillance and strategy reassessment are vital for addressing remaining challenges with these important vaccines.

More Related Videos

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria
11:32

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria

Published on: February 23, 2014

Opsono-Adherence Assay to Evaluate Functional Antibodies in Vaccine Development Against Bacillus anthracis and Other Encapsulated Pathogens
13:47

Opsono-Adherence Assay to Evaluate Functional Antibodies in Vaccine Development Against Bacillus anthracis and Other Encapsulated Pathogens

Published on: May 19, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Inducing Meningococcal Meningitis Serogroup C in Mice via Intracisternal Delivery
10:03

Inducing Meningococcal Meningitis Serogroup C in Mice via Intracisternal Delivery

Published on: November 5, 2019

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria
11:32

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria

Published on: February 23, 2014

Opsono-Adherence Assay to Evaluate Functional Antibodies in Vaccine Development Against Bacillus anthracis and Other Encapsulated Pathogens
13:47

Opsono-Adherence Assay to Evaluate Functional Antibodies in Vaccine Development Against Bacillus anthracis and Other Encapsulated Pathogens

Published on: May 19, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Vaccinology
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Meningococcal disease remains a significant global health concern.
  • Meningococcal conjugate vaccines (MCVs) have been available since 1999, targeting serogroups A, C, Y, and W.
  • Significant reductions in morbidity and mortality have been observed following MCV introduction, notably in the UK and the meningitis belt.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the progress and impact of meningococcal conjugate vaccines.
  • To identify ongoing challenges and future directions in meningococcal vaccination strategies.
  • To highlight the importance of serogroup B meningococcal vaccines.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of meningococcal disease epidemiology and vaccine impact studies.
  • Analysis of vaccination strategies and surveillance data.
  • Discussion of vaccine-related issues including duration of protection, serogroup replacement, and vaccine safety.

Main Results:

  • MCVs have demonstrated substantial success in controlling specific serogroups of meningococcal disease.
  • The introduction of serogroup A conjugate vaccines shows promise for epidemic control in vulnerable regions.
  • Protein-based serogroup B vaccines were approved in 2013, necessitating further evaluation.

Conclusions:

  • While significant progress has been made, ongoing vigilance in disease surveillance and vaccine strategy is crucial.
  • Addressing challenges such as vaccine effectiveness duration, non-vaccine serogroup emergence, and safety is essential.
  • Understanding the impact of serogroup B vaccines is critical for comprehensive future meningococcal prevention strategies.