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Related Concept Videos

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment01:08

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment

Hepatic impairment, characterized by decreased liver function, does not uniformly mandate adjustments in drug dosage. Whether dosage modifications are necessary depends on various factors related to the drug's metabolism and elimination pathways. If a drug is primarily excreted via the kidneys and bypasses significant hepatic processing, if it undergoes minimal metabolic transformation in the liver, or if it is volatile and primarily expelled through the lungs, dose adjustments may not be...
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow01:26

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow

Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug binding...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess the...

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A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
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Protease inhibitors for hepatitis C: economic implications.

Stuart J Turner1, Jack Brown, Joseph A Paladino

  • 1School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 205 Kapoor Hall, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.

Pharmacoeconomics
|July 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary

New protease inhibitors offer improved sustained virologic response for hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 infections. Decision-makers must consider the economic impact and optimal use of these advanced HCV treatments.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Health Economics

Background:

  • Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of liver disease and transplantation.
  • Early stages are often asymptomatic, complicating prevalence estimation.
  • Current standard treatment involves pegylated interferon and ribavirin.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the economic impact of new protease inhibitors on healthcare systems.
  • To discuss considerations for integrating these agents into HCV treatment.
  • To highlight challenges and future research directions in HCV therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on economic evaluations of HCV triple therapy.
  • Analysis of health-related quality of life issues associated with new treatments.
  • Exploration of treatment algorithm variations and stopping rules.

Main Results:

  • Protease inhibitors (boceprevir, telaprevir) show potential for increased sustained virologic response in genotype 1 HCV.
  • Significant variations exist in proposed triple therapy durations and treatment protocols.
  • Economic evaluations are crucial for formulary placement and healthcare system planning.

Conclusions:

  • Protease inhibitors represent a significant advancement in HCV treatment, particularly for genotype 1.
  • Careful consideration of cost-effectiveness and optimal treatment strategies is necessary.
  • Future research should explore interferon-free regimens and treatment in diverse patient populations.