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Related Concept Videos

Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
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T and B Cell Receptor Immune Repertoire Analysis using Next-generation Sequencing
08:59

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Published on: January 12, 2021

B-cell tolerance to the B-cell receptor variable regions.

Johanne T Jacobsen1, Vibeke Sundvold-Gjerstad, Frode M Skjeldal

  • 1Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.

European Journal of Immunology
|July 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary

B cells with complementary B-cell receptors (BCRs) can bind and trigger apoptosis. This study suggests a mechanism for purging B cells with self-binding BCRs from the immune system.

Keywords:
ApoptosisB-cell receptor (BCR)IdiotypesTolerance

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • B cells possess diverse B-cell receptors (BCRs) generated during development and somatic hypermutation.
  • B cell recirculation increases the likelihood of encounters between cells with complementary BCRs in lymphoid organs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the in vitro consequences of interactions between B cells expressing complementary B-cell receptors (BCRs).

Main Methods:

  • B lymphoma cell lines were engineered to express either an Idiotype-positive (Id⁺) BCR or an anti-Id BCR, both as membrane-bound IgD.
  • Paired Id⁺/anti-Id B lymphoma cells were co-incubated to observe cellular interactions and signaling events.

Main Results:

  • Co-incubation led to the formation of conjugates between paired B lymphoma cells.
  • These interactions triggered intracellular signaling pathways, including the activation of Caspase 3/7.
  • Apoptosis was observed in at least one cell within the interacting Id⁺/anti-Id pairs.

Conclusions:

  • The interaction between B cells with complementary BCRs can induce apoptosis.
  • This suggests a potential mechanism for the selective elimination of B cells with self-reactive or complementary BCRs, contributing to B cell homeostasis.