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Related Concept Videos

Nociception01:44

Nociception

Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain. Thus, pain helps the...
Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
Pain01:20

Pain

Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...
Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Chronic Post-Ischemia Pain Model for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type-I in Rats
07:12

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Published on: January 21, 2020

Neurovascular unit in chronic pain.

Beatrice Mihaela Radu1, Placido Bramanti, Francesco Osculati

  • 1Department of Neurological, Neuropsychological, Morphological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.

Mediators of Inflammation
|July 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Chronic pain mechanisms may involve the neurovascular unit (NVU), including the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB). Understanding NVU changes offers new insights into chronic pain and potential therapeutic targets.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pain Research
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Chronic pain is a widespread condition with unclear neurobiological underpinnings.
  • The neurovascular unit (NVU), comprising the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB), is a potential factor in chronic pain development.
  • Evidence suggests transient barrier permeabilization in inflammatory and nerve-injury pain models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of the NVU, including BBB and BSCB, in chronic pain mechanisms.
  • To discuss potential biases and translational applications of current research.
  • To review drug interactions with the NVU and explore novel therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on NVU involvement in chronic pain.
  • Analysis of experimental data regarding BBB/BSCB permeabilization.
  • Discussion of comorbidities and pharmacological interventions targeting the NVU.

Main Results:

  • Transient permeabilization of BBB/BSCB is implicated in chronic pain models.
  • Focusing on the entire NVU, rather than solely endothelium, enhances understanding of pain mechanisms.
  • Existing evidence on analgesic drug interactions with the NVU is reviewed.

Conclusions:

  • Clarifying molecular events of BBB/BSCB permeabilization is crucial for understanding chronic pain.
  • A holistic NVU approach is essential for advancing chronic pain research and treatment.
  • Targeting NVU components offers innovative pharmacological solutions for chronic pain and its comorbidities.