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Related Concept Videos

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Implantation Protocol of the Foldable Capsular Vitreous Body for Complex Vitreoretinal Surgery
04:36

Implantation Protocol of the Foldable Capsular Vitreous Body for Complex Vitreoretinal Surgery

Published on: April 14, 2026

A novel implantable glaucoma valve using ferrofluid.

Eleftherios I Paschalis1, James Chodosh, Ralph A Sperling

  • 1Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America. Eleftherios_paschalis@meei.harvard.edu

Plos One
|July 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel implantable glaucoma valve using ferrofluid demonstrated predictable pressure control in vitro and biocompatibility in vivo. This ferrofluidic device offers a promising new approach for managing intraocular pressure.

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Experimental Glaucoma Induced by Ocular Injection of Magnetic Microspheres
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Maintaining and Assessing Various Tissue and Cell Types of the Eye Using a Novel Pumpless Fluidics System
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Experimental Glaucoma Induced by Ocular Injection of Magnetic Microspheres
06:35

Experimental Glaucoma Induced by Ocular Injection of Magnetic Microspheres

Published on: February 2, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide.
  • Current glaucoma drainage devices have limitations in predictability and long-term efficacy.
  • Novel materials and designs are needed to improve intraocular pressure management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a new implantable glaucoma valve design utilizing ferrofluidic nanoparticles.
  • To evaluate the performance of this novel valve against a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved device.
  • To assess the biocompatibility and pressure-regulating capabilities of the ferrofluidic valve.

Main Methods:

  • A ferrofluid-based glaucoma valve was fabricated using soft lithography.
  • In vitro flow and pressure measurements were conducted to characterize valve performance.
  • The novel valve was compared to the Ahmed™ glaucoma valve.
  • Reliability was assessed over three months with pressure/flow measurements and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
  • Preliminary in vivo studies were performed in rabbits.

Main Results:

  • The ferrofluidic valve exhibited opening and closing pressures of 10 and 7 mmHg, respectively.
  • A linear and reproducible flow/pressure response was observed over three months.
  • X-ray diffraction confirmed no ferrofluid oxidation in aqueous or air environments.
  • Preliminary in vivo results indicated biocompatibility and effective intraocular pressure control in rabbits.

Conclusions:

  • The ferrofluidic glaucoma valve acts as a passive, tunable constriction element.
  • The valve provides predictable opening/closing pressures and maintains ocular tone.
  • Ferrofluid retained magnetic properties and offered a linear flow-pressure response in aqueous environments.
  • The device demonstrated reliable in vitro performance and promising in vivo biocompatibility.