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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
ATP Synthase: Structure01:18

ATP Synthase: Structure

ATP synthase or ATPase is among the most conserved proteins found in bacteria, mammals, and plants. This enzyme can catalyze a forward reaction in response to the electrochemical gradient, producing ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. ATP synthase can also work in a reverse direction by hydrolyzing ATP and generating an electrochemical gradient. Different forms of ATP synthases have evolved special features to meet the specific demands of the cell. Based on their specific feature, ATP...
Electron Configuration of Multielectron Atoms03:26

Electron Configuration of Multielectron Atoms

The alkali metal sodium (atomic number 11) has one more electron than the neon atom. This electron must go into the lowest-energy subshell available, the 3s orbital, giving a 1s22s22p63s1 configuration. The electrons occupying the outermost shell orbital(s) (highest value of n) are called valence electrons, and those occupying the inner shell orbitals are called core electrons. Since the core electron shells correspond to noble gas electron configurations, we can abbreviate electron...
The Nucleosome Core Particle02:10

The Nucleosome Core Particle

Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
The paradox
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The Nucleosome Core Particle01:12

The Nucleosome Core Particle

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Protein and Protein Structure

Proteins are one of the most abundant organic molecules in living systems and have the most diverse range of functions of all macromolecules. Proteins may be structural, regulatory, contractile, or protective. They may serve in transport, storage, or membranes; or they may be toxins or enzymes. Their structures, like their functions, vary greatly. They are all, however, amino acid polymers arranged in a linear sequence.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

In Vitro Chemical Mapping of G-Quadruplex DNA Structures by Bis-3-Chloropiperidines
05:32

In Vitro Chemical Mapping of G-Quadruplex DNA Structures by Bis-3-Chloropiperidines

Published on: May 12, 2023

Atomic-scale structures and interactions between the guanine quartet and potassium.

Wei Xu1, Qinggang Tan, Miao Yu

  • 1College of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Advanced Civil Engineering Materials (Ministry of Education), Tongji University, Caoan Road 4800, Shanghai 201804, PR China. xuwei@tongji.edu.cn

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|July 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Atomic-scale identification of the G4K1 motif reveals its high stability. This stability arises from a balance of hydrogen bonding and metal-ligand interactions, crucial for understanding G-quadruplex interactions with cations.

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Single-molecule Manipulation of G-quadruplexes by Magnetic Tweezers

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Last Updated: May 9, 2026

In Vitro Chemical Mapping of G-Quadruplex DNA Structures by Bis-3-Chloropiperidines
05:32

In Vitro Chemical Mapping of G-Quadruplex DNA Structures by Bis-3-Chloropiperidines

Published on: May 12, 2023

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Single-molecule Manipulation of G-quadruplexes by Magnetic Tweezers
08:28

Single-molecule Manipulation of G-quadruplexes by Magnetic Tweezers

Published on: September 19, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Biophysical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • G-quadruplex structures are vital nucleic acid motifs with diverse biological roles.
  • Understanding the stability of specific G-quadruplex motifs is key to their function.
  • Cation interactions significantly influence G-quadruplex stability and conformation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To achieve atomic-scale identification of the G4K1 structural motif.
  • To elucidate the factors contributing to the high stability of the G4K1 motif.
  • To provide insights into G-quadruplex interactions with cations in biological systems.

Main Methods:

  • Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) imaging for atomic-scale visualization.
  • Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations for theoretical analysis.
  • Combined experimental and computational approach.

Main Results:

  • Successful atomic-scale identification of the G4K1 structural motif.
  • High stability of the G4K1 motif confirmed.
  • Stability attributed to a balance between hydrogen bonding and metal-ligand interactions.

Conclusions:

  • The G4K1 motif possesses significant stability due to synergistic interactions.
  • This finding is highly relevant for modeling in vivo G-quadruplex-cation interactions.
  • The study provides a foundation for understanding G-quadruplex recognition and function.