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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
IR Spectrum01:19

IR Spectrum

When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0% (complete...
IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations01:08

IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations

Identical bonds within a polyatomic group can stretch symmetrically (in-phase) or asymmetrically (out-of-phase). Similar to hydrogen bonding, these vibrations also influence the shape of the IR peak. Generally, asymmetric stretching frequencies are higher than symmetric stretching frequencies. For example, primary amines exhibit two distinct IR peaks between 3300–3500 cm−1 corresponding to the symmetric and asymmetric N-H stretching, while secondary amines exhibit a single stretching vibration...
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
Spectrophotometry: Introduction01:16

Spectrophotometry: Introduction

Spectrophotometry is the quantitative measurement of the absorption, reflection, diffraction, or transmission of electromagnetic radiation through a material as a function of the intensity and wavelength of the radiation. A spectrophotometer is a device used to measure the change in the radiation intensity caused by its interaction with the material.
The essential components of a spectrophotometer include a source of electromagnetic radiation, a slot for placing a material to be analyzed, and a...
IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration01:16

IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration

A covalently bonded heteronuclear diatomic molecule can be modeled as two vibrating masses connected by a spring. The vibrational frequency of the bond can be expressed using an equation derived from Hooke's law, which describes how the force applied to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring. In this case, the atoms behave like masses, and the bond acts like a spring.
According to Hooke's law, the vibrational frequency is directly proportional to the...

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Using MazeSuite and Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy to Study Learning in Spatial Navigation
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Using MazeSuite and Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy to Study Learning in Spatial Navigation

Published on: October 8, 2011

[Research on NIR equivalent spectral measurement].

Zhi-Hong Wang1, Jie Liu, Yu-Yang Sun

  • 1Instrument Science & Electrical Engineering College, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China. zhwang@jlu.edu.cn

Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi = Guang Pu
|July 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces an equivalent spectrum measure method to improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for low reflectivity or transmittance samples. The technique enhances spectral data quality without altering traditional measurement outcomes.

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O-cresol Concentration Online Measurement Based On Near Infrared Spectroscopy Via Partial Least Square Regression

Published on: November 8, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy

Context:

  • Portable near-infrared (NIR) spectrometers are crucial for analyzing low reflectivity or transmittance samples.
  • Spectrometer noise significantly reduces the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for samples with low diffuse reflectance or transmittance.
  • Traditional denoising methods are often insufficient to meet the analytical requirements for these challenging samples.

Purpose:

  • To research and develop an "equivalent spectrum measure method" to enhance SNR in NIR spectroscopy.
  • To address the limitations of traditional measurement techniques when analyzing samples with poor optical properties.
  • To improve the reliability and accuracy of NIR spectral analysis for low-reflectivity and low-transmittance materials.

Summary:

  • The proposed method involves enlarging the spectrometer's light current based on the sample's reflected or transmitted signal intensity.
  • Simultaneously, the light for measuring the reference is reduced to prevent signal overflow.
  • An equivalent spectrum is calculated, ensuring it matches the traditionally measured spectrum while significantly improving SNR.

Impact:

  • The developed method effectively improves the SNR of NIR spectra for challenging samples.
  • Theoretical analysis and experimental results validate the technique's efficacy.
  • This advancement enables more accurate and reliable NIR analysis, expanding its applicability to a wider range of materials.