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Case Studies

Case Studies

There are many research methods available to psychologists in their efforts to understand, describe, and explain behavior and the cognitive and biological processes that underlie it.

Pleiotropy

Pleiotropy

Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...

Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key difference between Superficial Vein Thrombosis (SVT) and Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) lies in their location and severity.Clinical ManifestationsSVT typically presents with localized pain, tenderness, and redness along the course of a superficial vein, often accompanied by a palpable, cord-like structure under the skin. This condition is usually less dangerous than DVT but can be uncomfortable and may lead to complications such as cellulitis or, rarely, a clot extension into the deep...

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...

Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Varicose veins, or varicosities, develop when the valves in the veins, which control blood flow, weaken or damage. It causes blood to pool and the veins to enlarge. Understanding the clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and management options for varicose veins is crucial for effective treatment and relief.Clinical manifestationsClinical manifestations of varicose veins include a heavy, achy feeling or pain after prolonged standing or sitting. This discomfort can often be relieved by...

Nondisjunction

Nondisjunction

During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.

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Updated: May 9, 2026

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Published on: May 30, 2025

Folie à deux: a case report.

Joana Teixeira¹, Teresa Mota, João Cabral Fernandes

¹Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal. jteixeira2008@gmail.com

Clinical Schizophrenia & Related Psychoses

|July 12, 2013

Summary

Folie à deux, a rare mental disorder, presents diagnostic and treatment challenges. This case study details a mother-daughter pair, highlighting the complexities in managing shared delusions.

Area of Science:

Psychiatry
Psychology
Mental Health

Background:

Folie à deux, a rare psychiatric disorder, was first described in 1877.
It continues to be a subject of study and debate among psychiatrists.
Understanding its pathophysiology and treatment remains challenging.

Observation:

This study reports a clinical case of folie à deux, Gralnick's subtype A.
The case involved an inducer daughter and an induced mother.
The pair exhibited social isolation and a strong, close relationship.

Findings:

Folie à deux was diagnosed with relative ease in the presented case.
Treatment of the shared delusion proved to be a significant challenge.
The primary diagnosis of the inducer patient was also noteworthy.

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Implications:

This case underscores the diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties associated with folie à deux.
Further research into the disorder's underlying mechanisms is warranted.
Clinical management strategies for folie à deux require ongoing refinement.