Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 9, 2026
09:01
Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Intracerebral Hemorrhage Evacuation
Published on: October 15, 2021
Mortality after hemorrhagic stroke: data from general practice (The Health Improvement Network)
Antonio González-Pérez1, David Gaist, Mari-Ann Wallander
1Spanish Centre for Pharmacoepidemiologic Research, Madrid, Spain. lagarcia@ceife.es
Neurology
|July 12, 2013
Summary
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) have high short-term fatality, increasing with age but decreasing over time. Survivors of hemorrhagic stroke face a persistently higher risk of death.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are severe forms of stroke with significant mortality.
- Understanding short-term case fatality and long-term mortality is crucial for patient management and public health strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate short-term case fatality and long-term mortality following ICH and SAH.
- To analyze trends in mortality rates over time and by age group.
Main Methods:
- Utilized The Health Improvement Network database for retrospective analysis.
- Employed logistic regression for 30-day case fatality and Cox proportional hazards regression for long-term mortality risk.
Main Results:
- 30-day case fatality was 42.0% for ICH and 28.7% for SAH, increasing with age and decreasing from 2000-2008.
- ICH had higher fatality than SAH in younger age groups (<50 years).
- Long-term mortality risk remained elevated for ICH and SAH survivors compared to controls.
Conclusions:
- Over one-third of patients die within a month of hemorrhagic stroke.
- Hemorrhagic stroke survivors experience a sustained increased risk of mortality.
- Short-term fatality rates for ICH and SAH have shown a downward trend over recent years.
Related Concept Videos
01:17Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction
A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
01:29Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology
A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
01:29Stroke: Introduction and Types
A stroke is an acute neurological event caused by the sudden disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to rapid loss of neuronal function. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief interruptions can cause irreversible injury within minutes. Strokes are classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types.Ischemic StrokeIschemic strokes are most common and occur due to arterial occlusion, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This leads to energy failure, ionic...
01:15Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology
An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
01:30Venous Thrombosis IV: Nursing Management
Nursing management begins with a thorough assessment of the patient's health history. Key factors include trauma to veins, peripherally inserted central catheters, varicose veins, recent pregnancy or childbirth, surgery, bacteremia, prolonged bed rest, atrial fibrillation, COPD, heart failure, cancer, coagulation disorders, myocardial infarction, spinal cord injury, stroke, prolonged travel, recent bone fractures, and dehydration. Review medication intake, particularly oral contraceptives,...
01:15Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction
Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.