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Breed effects on crossbred cow-calf performance.

L L Setshwaelo1, L V Cundiff, G E Dickerson

  • 1U.S. Department of Agriculture, Clay Center, NE 68933.

Journal of Animal Science
|June 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Crossbreeding impacts calf performance and cow traits. Holstein and Brahman crosses offer advantages in calf weight weaned, but require careful consideration of increased cow size and milk production for cost-effective breed evaluations.

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Genetics
  • Reproductive Biology

Background:

  • Crossbreeding is a common strategy in beef cattle production to improve performance.
  • Sire and maternal grandsire breed influences on crossbred cow and calf performance are complex and require detailed investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effects of sire and maternal grandsire breeds on preweaning performance of crossbred cows and their calves.
  • To quantify breed-specific deviations for various production and reproductive traits.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from two experiments at the Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center.
  • Analyzed 1,836 records from 516 cows across three to five parities, considering 143 sires and 307 maternal grandsires.
  • Fitted a statistical model including calf sex, parity, cow birth-breeding year, and breed effects with interactions.

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Main Results:

  • Significant breed effects were observed for calf birth weight, calving difficulty, calf weaning weight, calf weight weaned per cow exposed, cow weight, and body condition score.
  • Holstein and Brahman crosses showed substantial advantages in calf weight weaned per cow exposed (23% and 13% respectively) compared to Hereford x Angus.
  • Breed differences resulted in significant deviations for most traits, with notable impacts on cow weight and body condition score.

Conclusions:

  • Sire and maternal grandsire breeds significantly influence crossbred cow and calf performance.
  • Breed evaluation schemes must incorporate input measures and costs, such as feed requirements and milk production, alongside output traits.
  • Strategic crossbreeding can enhance productivity, but requires balancing genetic potential with resource management.