Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity01:21

Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity

The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
Innate immunity is the body's natural, nonspecific defense system that acts quickly to protect against pathogens. It incorporates physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes and cellular elements such as phagocytes and natural killer cells. This part of our immune system provides an immediate,...
Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

Overview
Gut-Brain Axis01:22

Gut-Brain Axis

The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such as...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Delving into the innate and adaptive immunity of camelids: a paradigm of interspecies adaptation and evolutionary innovation.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same author

Mechanisms and impact of long COVID: pathophysiology, neuropsychiatric effects and vaccination.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same author

Relative frequencies of muscle specific kinase antibody myasthenia in 46 centres worldwide.

Brain : a journal of neurology·2026
Same author

Modulation of the immunogenic landscape in colorectal cancer by mitochondrial methylation-controlled J protein.

Molecular biomedicine·2026
Same author

Correction to: Italian recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of myasthenia gravis.

Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology·2026
Same author

Editorial: Innovative insights into pattern recognition and signaling in innate immunity.

Frontiers in immunology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Improved 3D Hydrogel Cultures of Primary Glial Cells for In Vitro Modelling of Neuroinflammation
09:19

Improved 3D Hydrogel Cultures of Primary Glial Cells for In Vitro Modelling of Neuroinflammation

Published on: December 8, 2017

Innate immunity and neuroinflammation.

Abhishek Shastri1, Domenico Marco Bonifati, Uday Kishore

  • 1Centre for Infection, Immunity and Disease Mechanisms, Heinz Wolff Building, Brunel University, London UB8 3PH, UK.

Mediators of Inflammation
|July 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Neuroinflammation, or central nervous system (CNS) inflammation, is linked to injury and disease. While low-level inflammation can be beneficial, chronic inflammation and innate immune system components can harmfully contribute to neurodegeneration.

More Related Videos

Isolation of Cortical Microglia with Preserved Immunophenotype and Functionality From Murine Neonates
09:12

Isolation of Cortical Microglia with Preserved Immunophenotype and Functionality From Murine Neonates

Published on: January 30, 2014

Increased Recovery Time and Decreased LPS Administration to Study the Vagus Nerve Stimulation Mechanisms in Limited Inflammatory Responses
06:43

Increased Recovery Time and Decreased LPS Administration to Study the Vagus Nerve Stimulation Mechanisms in Limited Inflammatory Responses

Published on: March 29, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Improved 3D Hydrogel Cultures of Primary Glial Cells for In Vitro Modelling of Neuroinflammation
09:19

Improved 3D Hydrogel Cultures of Primary Glial Cells for In Vitro Modelling of Neuroinflammation

Published on: December 8, 2017

Isolation of Cortical Microglia with Preserved Immunophenotype and Functionality From Murine Neonates
09:12

Isolation of Cortical Microglia with Preserved Immunophenotype and Functionality From Murine Neonates

Published on: January 30, 2014

Increased Recovery Time and Decreased LPS Administration to Study the Vagus Nerve Stimulation Mechanisms in Limited Inflammatory Responses
06:43

Increased Recovery Time and Decreased LPS Administration to Study the Vagus Nerve Stimulation Mechanisms in Limited Inflammatory Responses

Published on: March 29, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Central nervous system (CNS) inflammation, or neuroinflammation, is commonly associated with trauma, infection, and neurodegenerative diseases.
  • While low-level neuroinflammation can be beneficial for CNS homeostasis, chronic inflammation is detrimental.
  • The innate immune system, including pattern-recognition receptors, macrophages, and the complement system, is crucial for responding to CNS injury and infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the dual role of innate immune components in the central nervous system.
  • To elucidate how these components contribute to both beneficial and harmful neuroinflammation.
  • To discuss the implications for neurodegeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on neuroinflammation and innate immunity in the CNS.
  • Analysis of the roles of pattern-recognition receptors, macrophages, and complement system in CNS homeostasis and pathology.
  • Synthesis of findings to understand the contribution to neurodegeneration.

Main Results:

  • Innate immune system components are integral to CNS response following injury and infection.
  • These components can mediate beneficial effects in low-level neuroinflammation.
  • However, dysregulation or chronic activation of the innate immune system can exacerbate neuroinflammation and contribute to neurodegenerative processes.

Conclusions:

  • The innate immune system plays a critical, yet complex, role in the CNS.
  • Understanding the balance between beneficial and detrimental neuroinflammation mediated by innate immunity is key.
  • Targeting innate immune pathways may offer therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.