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Related Concept Videos

Action Potentials01:41

Action Potentials

Overview
Action Potential01:14

Action Potential

Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
Membrane potential in neurons
Neurons typically have a resting membrane potential of about -70 millivolts (mV). When they receive...
Action Potential01:14

Action Potential

Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
Membrane potential in neurons
Neurons typically have a resting membrane potential of about -70 millivolts (mV). When they receive...
Generation of Action Potential in Skeletal Muscles01:24

Generation of Action Potential in Skeletal Muscles

Every cell in the body maintains a membrane potential due to an uneven distribution of positive and negative charges across its plasma membrane. The membrane potential is measured in millivolts and quantifies the difference in charge across the membrane.
Like neurons, muscle cells are also regarded as excitable due to their capacity to change in response to stimuli, primarily due to voltage-gated ion channels embedded in their plasma membranes, which get activated by alterations in the cell's...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

The Ex vivo Preparation of Spinal Cord Slice for the Whole-Cell Patch-Clamp Recording in Motor Neurons During Spinal Cord Stimulation
06:55

The Ex vivo Preparation of Spinal Cord Slice for the Whole-Cell Patch-Clamp Recording in Motor Neurons During Spinal Cord Stimulation

Published on: September 8, 2023

Electrically evoked compound action potentials recorded from the sheep spinal cord.

John L Parker1, Dean M Karantonis, Peter S Single

  • 1National Information and Communications Technology Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Neuromodulation : Journal of the International Neuromodulation Society
|July 13, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) electrode placement significantly impacts dorsal column axon responses and power efficiency. Optimal positioning can enhance pain relief and device function in SCS therapy.

Keywords:
chronic paincompound action potentialneuromodulationneuropathic painneurophysiologyneurostimulationphysiologic measurementspinal cord stimulation

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

The Ex vivo Preparation of Spinal Cord Slice for the Whole-Cell Patch-Clamp Recording in Motor Neurons During Spinal Cord Stimulation
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Recording Network Activity in Spinal Nociceptive Circuits Using Microelectrode Arrays
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Recording Network Activity in Spinal Nociceptive Circuits Using Microelectrode Arrays

Published on: February 9, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Pain Management

Background:

  • Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a key therapy for chronic pain.
  • Understanding the electrical response of dorsal column axons is crucial for optimizing SCS efficacy.
  • Current SCS mechanisms require further elucidation for improved therapeutic outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the electrical response of dorsal column axons to depolarizing stimuli during SCS.
  • To investigate the influence of electrode location on these responses.
  • To inform the optimization of SCS devices for pain relief and power consumption.

Main Methods:

  • Recording electrically evoked compound action potentials (ECAPs) in anesthetized sheep during SCS.
  • Utilizing epidural SCS leads with integrated stimulating and recording electrodes.
  • Employing a novel system to minimize artifact contamination in ECAP recordings.

Main Results:

  • ECAPs exhibited a triphasic morphology (P1, N1, P2 peaks).
  • ECAP amplitude varied along the spinal cord, with minimums over intervertebral discs and maximums in midvertebral positions.
  • Regions with depressed ECAP amplitude showed higher stimulation thresholds, impacting power consumption.

Conclusions:

  • Sheep Aβ fiber potentials during SCS are location-dependent.
  • Optimizing electrode placement can enhance Aβ fiber recruitment and reduce power consumption in SCS devices.
  • Findings suggest potential translation to human SCS therapy optimization.