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Phase Diagrams

Phase Diagrams

A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...

Phase Diagram

Phase Diagram

The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).

Phase Diagram

Phase Diagram

A phase diagram is a graphical representation of the physical states of a substance under different conditions of temperature and pressure. It shows the boundaries between solid, liquid, and gas phases and the conditions at which these phases coexist in equilibrium. An area in a phase diagram represents a single phase, whereas lines or phase boundaries represent the equilibrium between two phases.In the phase diagram of water, the boundary line between the solid and liquid states illustrates...

Phase Transitions

Phase Transitions

A phase transition is the process in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another, like from a solid to a liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa, at a specific temperature and under given pressure conditions. This change is spontaneous and is affected by alterations in temperature and pressure. These parameters impact the strength of the forces between molecules (intermolecular forces) in the substance.During a phase transition, both the initial and final phases of the substance...

Phase Transitions

Phase Transitions

Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to occupy...

pV-Diagrams

pV-Diagrams

The pV diagram, which is a graph of pressure versus volume of the gas under study, is helpful in describing certain aspects of the substance. When the substance behaves like an ideal gas, the ideal gas equation describes the relationship between its pressure and volume. On a pV diagram, it is common to plot an isotherm, which is a curve showing p as a function of V with the number of molecules and the temperature fixed. Then, for an ideal gas, the product of the pressure of the gas and its...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

$Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures$

Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures

Published on: October 7, 2013

High pressure iso-structural phase transition in BiMn2O5.

K K Pandey¹, H K Poswal, Ravi Kumar

¹High Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India. kkpandey@barc.gov.in

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal

|July 13, 2013

Summary

High pressure reveals a reversible phase transition in multiferroic BiMn2O5 above 10 GPa. The Mn-O framework dominates the high-pressure phase, driven by atomic charge redistribution.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Condensed Matter Physics
Solid State Chemistry

Background:

Multiferroic BiMn2O5 exhibits complex behaviors under external stimuli.
Understanding its response to high pressure is crucial for potential applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the high-pressure behavior of multiferroic BiMn2O5.
To elucidate the mechanism behind observed phase transitions.

Main Methods:

Powder X-ray diffraction
Raman scattering spectroscopy
Density functional theory (DFT) based first-principles calculations

Main Results:

A reversible iso-structural phase transition was observed in BiMn2O5 above 10 GPa.
Compressibility along the c-axis significantly reduced post-transition, indicating a rigid Mn-O framework.
Bader charge analysis revealed atomic charge redistribution between Bi and Mn atoms.

Conclusions:

The Mn-O framework plays a dominant role in the high-pressure phase of BiMn2O5.
Atomic charge redistribution is the likely cause of the observed phase transition.