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Related Concept Videos

Structure and Function of Platelets01:18

Structure and Function of Platelets

The cell fragments known as platelets are disc-shaped, with an average diameter of about 3 μm and a thickness of roughly 1 μm. They play a crucial role in the body's vascular clotting system, which also involves plasma proteins, blood cells, and blood vessel tissues.
Platelets are continually replenished, circulating in the bloodstream for 9-12 days before being removed by phagocytes, primarily in the spleen. A microliter of circulating blood contains between 150,000 and 450,000 platelets, with...
Formation of the Platelet Plug01:22

Formation of the Platelet Plug

The platelet phase, the second stage of hemostasis, commences around 15-20 seconds after an injury. It follows and overlaps with the vascular phase, during which blood vessels constrict to minimize blood loss.
As the injured blood vessel contracts, endothelial cells undergo contraction, revealing collagen fibers in the basement membrane and underlying connective tissue. Furthermore, the plasma membrane of endothelial cells becomes adhesive, preparing the site for platelet adhesion. Platelets...
Gene Therapy00:59

Gene Therapy

Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a healthy version of the gene that is mutated in the patient, or it could be a different gene that inactivates or compensates for the patient’s disease-causing gene. For example, in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to a mutation in the gene for the enzyme adenosine deaminase, a functioning version of the gene can be inserted. The...
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Clot Retraction and Fibrinolysis

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piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
Antiplatelet Drugs: Prostaglandin Synthesis, P2Y12 and Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors01:20

Antiplatelet Drugs: Prostaglandin Synthesis, P2Y12 and Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors

Antiplatelet drugs emerge as frontline defenders against the insidious threat of thromboembolic diseases, where abnormal clots obstruct vital blood vessels. These drugs stand as bulwarks, inhibiting platelet aggregation and clot formation, thereby mitigating the risk of life-threatening conditions like myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, and thrombotic strokes.
Prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors, exemplified by the widely known aspirin, wield their power by irreversibly acetylating...

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Peptide-derived Method to Transport Genes and Proteins Across Cellular and Organellar Barriers in Plants
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Platelets deliver small packages of genetic function.

John W Semple1

  • 1St. Michael's Hospital.

Blood
|July 13, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Platelets deliver microRNA to endothelial cells via microparticles, a novel gene expression regulation process. This discovery offers new insights into cellular communication and potential therapeutic targets.

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Peptide-derived Method to Transport Genes and Proteins Across Cellular and Organellar Barriers in Plants
08:48

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Published on: December 16, 2016

An In Vitro Assay to Study Platelet Migration Using RGD-Functionalized Avidin-Biotin Tethers
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Live-cell Imaging of Platelet Degranulation and Secretion Under Flow
11:42

Live-cell Imaging of Platelet Degranulation and Secretion Under Flow

Published on: July 10, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Platelets are known for their role in hemostasis.
  • Emerging evidence suggests platelets have functions beyond coagulation.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of platelets in delivering microRNA to other cells.
  • To identify the mechanism by which platelets transfer functional microRNA.
  • To explore the implications of this transfer for endothelial cell gene regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of platelet microparticles.
  • Detection of microRNA transfer to endothelial cells.
  • Functional assays to confirm microRNA activity in recipient cells.

Main Results:

  • Platelets release microparticles containing functional microRNA.
  • These platelet microparticles are taken up by endothelial cells.
  • Delivered microRNA influences gene expression in endothelial cells.

Conclusions:

  • Platelet microparticles represent a novel delivery system for microRNA.
  • This mechanism provides a new pathway for intercellular communication.
  • This finding has potential implications for understanding and treating diseases involving endothelial cells.