Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox property is crucial in...
Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols02:23

Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols

Overview
Alcohols are one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry. The name of alcohol comes from the hydrocarbon from which it is derived. Alcohols are organic molecules containing the functional hydroxyl or –OH group directly bonded to carbon. Phenols have an OH group directly attached to a benzene ring. While alcohols are colorless, phenol is a white crystalline compound with a characteristic "hospital smell" odor.
As with other organic compounds, alcohols and phenols...
Aromatic Compounds: Overview01:25

Aromatic Compounds: Overview

In general, the term ‘aromatic’ indicates a pleasant smell or fragrance from fresh flowers, freshly prepared coffee, etc. In the early history of organic chemistry, many benzene derivatives were isolated from the pleasant odor oils of the plants. For example, vanillin was isolated from the oil of vanilla, methyl salicylate from the oil of wintergreen, and cinnamaldehyde from the oil of cinnamon. They all had a pleasant odor; hence the name aromatic was given.
In 1825, Faraday isolated benzene...
Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols02:36

Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols

Like water, alcohols are weak acids and bases. This is attributed to the polarization of the O–H bond making the hydrogen partially positive. Moreover, the electron pairs on the oxygen atom of alcohol make it both basic and nucleophilic. Protonation of an alcohol converts hydroxide, a poor leaving group, into water—a good one. The two acid–base equilibria corresponding to ethanol are depicted below.
Phase I Reactions: Oxidation of Aliphatic and Aromatic Carbon-Containing Systems01:19

Phase I Reactions: Oxidation of Aliphatic and Aromatic Carbon-Containing Systems

Phase I biotransformation reactions are integral to drug metabolism, predominantly involving oxidative, reductive, and hydrolytic transformations. Chief among these are oxidative reactions, which enhance the hydrophilicity of xenobiotics and introduce polar functional groups to facilitate their elimination from the body.
Oxidation reactions are fundamental in aromatic carbon-containing systems. An example is the hydroxylation of phenobarbital, a process that transforms it into...
Cellulose and Pectic Polysaccharides01:15

Cellulose and Pectic Polysaccharides

Every plant cell has a cell wall that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives the cell shape. Cellulose, the main structural component of the plant cell wall, makes up over 30% of plant matter. It is the most abundant organic compound on earth.  Cellulose is an unbranched polysaccharide composed of linear chains of glucose molecules linked by β (1→4) glycosidic bonds.
As a cell matures, its cell wall specializes according to its type. For example, the parenchyma cells of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The association of intraoperative use of flurbiprofen axetil with the incidence of postoperative shivering in patients undergoing general anesthesia: a retrospective case-control study.

BMC anesthesiology·2026
Same author

Age-related differences in activities of daily living among older Chinese adults.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Chemical constituents of <i>Erythrina speciosa</i>.

Journal of Asian natural products research·2025
Same author

Effects of macrophages on the osteogenic differentiation of adipose tissue-derived stem cells in two-dimensional and three-dimensional cocultures.

World journal of stem cells·2025
Same author

Diterpenoids and tannins from Cleidion brevipetiolatum.

Fitoterapia·2025
Same author

[Research progress in molecular pharmacognosy of Andrographis paniculata].

Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Semi-Targeted Ultra-High-Performance Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Phenolic Metabolites in Plasma of Elderly Adults
14:39

Semi-Targeted Ultra-High-Performance Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Phenolic Metabolites in Plasma of Elderly Adults

Published on: April 22, 2022

[Phenolic compounds from Caesalpinia minax].

Rui-Jing Ma1, Xun-Yun Yang, Ji-Hua Wang

  • 1Faculty of Chemistry and Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China.

Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi = Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi = China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica
|July 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study isolated fifteen compounds from Caesalpinia minax, including novel phenolic compounds. These findings expand the known chemical constituents of this plant genus.

More Related Videos

A Generalized Method for Determining Free Soluble Phenolic Acid Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Cereals and Legumes
10:30

A Generalized Method for Determining Free Soluble Phenolic Acid Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Cereals and Legumes

Published on: June 10, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Semi-Targeted Ultra-High-Performance Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Phenolic Metabolites in Plasma of Elderly Adults
14:39

Semi-Targeted Ultra-High-Performance Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Phenolic Metabolites in Plasma of Elderly Adults

Published on: April 22, 2022

A Generalized Method for Determining Free Soluble Phenolic Acid Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Cereals and Legumes
10:30

A Generalized Method for Determining Free Soluble Phenolic Acid Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Cereals and Legumes

Published on: June 10, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Natural Product Chemistry
  • Phytochemistry
  • Medicinal Plant Research

Context:

  • Caesalpinia minax is a plant species with potential medicinal properties.
  • The chemical composition of C. minax has not been extensively studied.
  • Isolation of bioactive compounds from plants is crucial for drug discovery.

Purpose:

  • To identify and characterize chemical compounds from the twigs and leaves of Caesalpinia minax.
  • To report compounds isolated from C. minax for the first time.
  • To report compounds isolated from the Caesalpinia genus for the first time.

Summary:

  • Fifteen compounds were isolated from Caesalpinia minax: apigenin, 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxyflavone, luteolin-5,3'-dimethyl-ether, thevetiaflavon, apigenin-7-O-beta-D-glucuronide, bonducellin, 7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-chroman-4-one, 3-deoxysappanchalcone, 5-acetonyl-7-hydroxy-2-methyl chromone, 4-(trans)-acetyl-3,6,8-trihydroxy-3-methyl-dihydronaphthalenone, 4-(cis)-acetyl-3,6,8-trihydroxy-3-methyl-dihydronaphthalenone, vanillic acid, omega-hydroxypropioquaiacone, syringaresinol, and uracil.
  • All fifteen compounds represent new discoveries for C. minax.
  • Fourteen compounds are phenolic; five of these, along with uracil, are novel to the Caesalpinia genus.

Impact:

  • Expands the phytochemical knowledge of Caesalpinia minax.
  • Provides a basis for further research into the biological activities of these compounds.
  • Contributes to the chemotaxonomic understanding of the Caesalpinia genus.