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NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

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A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.

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The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
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Related Experiment Video

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20 mJ, 1 ps Yb:YAG Thin-disk Regenerative Amplifier

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Published on: July 12, 2017

Pulse shaping during Raman-seed amplification for short laser pulses.

G Lehmann¹, K H Spatschek, G Sewell

¹Institut für Theoretische Physik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics

|July 16, 2013

Summary

Raman-seed pulse amplification depends on pulse shape and duration. Shorter pulses amplify slower, while longer pulses may evolve into self-similar solutions in nonlinear regimes.

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Last Updated: May 9, 2026

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Area of Science:

Plasma physics
Laser-plasma interactions
Nonlinear optics

Background:

Raman-seed pulse amplification is crucial for advanced laser systems.
Understanding pulse evolution dynamics is key to optimizing amplification processes.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate Raman-seed pulse amplification in a 1D backscattering geometry.
Analyze the influence of seed pulse shape and duration on amplification.
Explain the observed 'start-up period' and nonlinear evolution.

Main Methods:

Numerical simulations using a kinetic Vlasov model.
Analytical estimates based on three-wave interaction.
Comparison of simulation results with theoretical models.

Main Results:

Initial amplification is significantly dependent on the seed pulse's initial form.
The 'start-up period' evolution can be analytically explained.
In the nonlinear regime, pulses can evolve into self-similar π-pulse solutions.
Narrower initial pulses exhibit slower amplitude growth compared to broader ones.

Conclusions:

Seed pulse characteristics critically influence Raman amplification dynamics.
Analytical models and Vlasov simulations show agreement in predicting pulse evolution.
Self-similar solutions are relevant in the nonlinear pump depletion regime.