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Related Concept Videos

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
Infection01:20

Infection

When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...
Automated Microbial Diagnostics01:24

Automated Microbial Diagnostics

Automated diagnostic analyzers have transformed clinical microbiology by providing rapid and reliable methods for pathogen identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Among these systems, the Vitek 2 is widely used because it automates the traditionally labor-intensive processes of microbial identification (ID) and antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST), delivering standardized and timely results that are essential for effective patient care.Microbial Identification with ID CardsThe...
Issues And Trends In Healthcare Delivery System01:29

Issues And Trends In Healthcare Delivery System

The issues and trends in healthcare delivery are constantly changing. The COVID-19 pandemic is one recent issue that wreaked havoc on healthcare systems, causing a shortage of healthcare workers, high demand for medicines and supplies, and increased medical expenditure due to a lack of insurance. Other issues include rising healthcare costs and care fragmentation.
Cost Containment
Payment for healthcare services has historically promoted adoption of costly and often unnecessary or inefficient...
Principles of Disease Surveillance01:26

Principles of Disease Surveillance

Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...

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Related Experiment Video

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Remote Laboratory Management: Respiratory Virus Diagnostics
14:56

Remote Laboratory Management: Respiratory Virus Diagnostics

Published on: April 6, 2019

Technology innovation for infectious diseases in the developing world.

Anthony D So1, Quentin Ruiz-Esparza

  • 1Program on Global Health and Technology Access, Sanford School of Public Policy and Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, 302 Towerview Drive, CB# 90312, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA. anthony.so@duke.edu.

Infectious Diseases of Poverty
|July 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Product development partnerships are crucial for combating infectious diseases in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). These collaborations foster innovation and create resource-effective models for global health needs.

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Area of Science:

  • Global Health
  • Health Technology Innovation
  • Pharmaceutical R&D

Background:

  • Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) face challenges in accessing health technologies due to a gap between paying markets and disease prevalence.
  • The traditional pharmaceutical R&D model struggles to address neglected diseases prevalent in LMICs.
  • Emerging economies, including BRICS nations, present opportunities for indigenous pharmaceutical innovation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore strategies for enabling innovation and access to health technologies in LMICs.
  • To examine the role of product development partnerships in addressing public health needs for infectious diseases.
  • To identify factors shaping innovation within LMICs' growing pharmaceutical sectors.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the R&D landscape for infectious diseases in LMICs.
  • Examination of the impact of market dynamics and endemicity on pharmaceutical investment.
  • Review of the contributions of academic institutions, small firms, and BRICS pharmaceutical sectors.
  • Assessment of factors influencing innovation, including knowledge access, intellectual property, financing, open innovation, and business models.

Main Results:

  • A significant R&D gap exists for diseases primarily affecting LMICs.
  • Product development partnerships offer a viable route for developing treatments for neglected diseases.
  • BRICS countries are emerging as a potential hub for indigenous pharmaceutical innovation.
  • Key drivers for innovation in LMICs include knowledge sharing, strategic IP management, innovative financing, open collaboration, and alternative business models.

Conclusions:

  • LMICs are developing resource-effective innovation models to meet global health challenges.
  • Collaborative approaches and tailored business strategies are essential for advancing health technology in resource-constrained settings.
  • Addressing infectious diseases in LMICs requires a paradigm shift towards inclusive and sustainable innovation ecosystems.