Efficient interventions on suicide prevention: a literature review

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Psychiatry
• Mental Health Interventions

Background:

• Suicide remains a significant public health concern.
• Effective suicide prevention strategies require ongoing research and evaluation.
• Interventions target individuals with and without existing psychological disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and synthesize evidence on suicide prevention interventions.
• To identify the most effective strategies for suicide prevention.
• To inform professionals involved in suicide prevention efforts.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of 41 published evaluation studies.
• Classification of interventions into seven distinct categories.
• Analysis of outcomes including completed suicides, suicide attempts, and suicidal ideation.

Main Results:

• Limitation of access to lethal means demonstrated high efficacy.
• Preserving post-hospitalization contact with suicide attempt patients proved effective.
• Implementation of emergency call centers showed significant preventive impact.
• Training general practitioners, care reorganization, school programs, and information campaigns require further evidence.

Conclusions:

• Effective interventions often target individuals with existing psychological disorders.
• Health promotion initiatives, such as services for isolated elderly, are crucial.
• A multi-faceted approach combining targeted and broad prevention strategies is necessary.