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Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome. Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome. Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...

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Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

An Assay for Quantifying Protein-RNA Binding in Bacteria

An Assay for Quantifying Protein-RNA Binding in Bacteria

Published on: June 12, 2019

Mad2 "opens" Cdc20 for BubR1 binding.

Gina V Caldas¹, Jennifer G Deluca

¹Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.

|July 16, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Mad2 binding to Cdc20 creates a conformational change, enabling BubR1 to bind. This interaction forms the APC/C(Cdc20) inhibitor, crucial for cell cycle regulation.

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Promoter Capture Hi-C: High-resolution, Genome-wide Profiling of Promoter Interactions

Promoter Capture Hi-C: High-resolution, Genome-wide Profiling of Promoter Interactions

Published on: June 28, 2018

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Last Updated: May 9, 2026

An Assay for Quantifying Protein-RNA Binding in Bacteria

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Published on: June 12, 2019

Promoter Capture Hi-C: High-resolution, Genome-wide Profiling of Promoter Interactions

Promoter Capture Hi-C: High-resolution, Genome-wide Profiling of Promoter Interactions

Published on: June 28, 2018

Area of Science:

Cell biology
Molecular biology
Biochemistry

Background:

The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a crucial ubiquitin ligase complex regulating cell cycle progression.
Cdc20 and Cdh1 are key APC/C co-activators that target specific substrates for degradation.
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) prevents premature anaphase onset by inhibiting APC/C(Cdc20) activity.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the mechanism by which the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) inhibits the APC/C(Cdc20) complex.
To investigate the role of Mad2 and BubR1 in forming the APC/C(Cdc20) inhibitory complex.

Main Methods:

Biochemical assays
Structural biology techniques
Cell-based experiments

Main Results:

Mad2 directly binds to Cdc20, inducing a specific conformational change.
This Mad2-induced conformational change in Cdc20 creates a binding site for BubR1.
The ternary complex of Mad2-Cdc20-BubR1 effectively inhibits APC/C(Cdc20) activity.

Conclusions:

The study reveals a novel mechanism for APC/C(Cdc20) inhibition mediated by Mad2 and BubR1.
This finding provides critical insights into the regulation of the spindle assembly checkpoint.
Understanding this pathway is vital for comprehending cell cycle control and potential therapeutic targets.