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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Membrane Traffic01:44

Introduction to Membrane Traffic

The ER, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lysosomes work in tandem to modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids. An integrated membrane trafficking network facilitates the back and forth shuttling of molecules within different organelles in the same cell or across the cell membrane.
The transport of soluble and membrane proteins is mediated by transport vesicles that collect cargo from one cellular compartment and deliver it to another by fusing with the target organelle membrane. The Rab...
Introduction to Membrane Traffic01:44

Introduction to Membrane Traffic

The ER, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lysosomes work in tandem to modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids. An integrated membrane trafficking network facilitates the back and forth shuttling of molecules within different organelles in the same cell or across the cell membrane.
The transport of soluble and membrane proteins is mediated by transport vesicles that collect cargo from one cellular compartment and deliver it to another by fusing with the target organelle membrane. The Rab...
Transport Across the Golgi01:26

Transport Across the Golgi

While it is unclear how molecules move between adjacent Golgi cisternae, it is apparent that the molecules move from cis- cisterna, the entry face, to the trans- cisterna, the exit face. Experiments initially suggested vesicles that bud from one cisterna and fuse with the next cisterna to transport proteins between the cisternae. This vesicular transport model describes the Golgi apparatus as a relatively static structure with a unique enzyme composition in each cisterna. Molecules are...
Golgi Apparatus01:49

Golgi Apparatus

As they leave the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), properly folded and assembled proteins are selectively packaged into vesicles. These vesicles are transported by microtubule-based motor proteins and fuse together to form vesicular tubular clusters, subsequently arriving at the Golgi apparatus, a eukaryotic endomembrane organelle that often has a distinctive ribbon-like appearance.
Golgi Apparatus01:09

Golgi Apparatus

Properly folded and assembled proteins are selectively packaged into vesicles that exit the ER. Motor proteins transport these vesicles to the Golgi apparatus for adding modifications that make these proteins functional at their destination.
The Golgi apparatus is a eukaryotic organelle that has a distinctive ribbon-like appearance. It is a primary sorting and dispatch station for cargo arriving from the ER. Newly arriving vesicles enter the cis face of the Golgi, closest to the ER, and are...
Golgi Apparatus01:09

Golgi Apparatus

Properly folded and assembled proteins are selectively packaged into vesicles that exit the ER. Motor proteins transport these vesicles to the Golgi apparatus for adding modifications that make these proteins functional at their destination.
The Golgi apparatus is a eukaryotic organelle that has a distinctive ribbon-like appearance. It is a primary sorting and dispatch station for cargo arriving from the ER. Newly arriving vesicles enter the cis face of the Golgi, closest to the ER, and are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Analysis of Endocytic Uptake and Retrograde Transport to the Trans-Golgi Network Using Functionalized Nanobodies in Cultured Cells
11:05

Analysis of Endocytic Uptake and Retrograde Transport to the Trans-Golgi Network Using Functionalized Nanobodies in Cultured Cells

Published on: February 21, 2019

Cargo trafficking between endosomes and the trans-Golgi network.

Pei Zhi Cheryl Chia1, Priscilla Gunn, Paul A Gleeson

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.

Histochemistry and Cell Biology
|July 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Retrograde transport from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) recycles proteins and transports toxins. This review covers advances in these pathways, TGN organization, and new methods for tracking cargo.

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Quantitative Localization of a Golgi Protein by Imaging Its Center of Fluorescence Mass
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Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Analysis of Endocytic Uptake and Retrograde Transport to the Trans-Golgi Network Using Functionalized Nanobodies in Cultured Cells
11:05

Analysis of Endocytic Uptake and Retrograde Transport to the Trans-Golgi Network Using Functionalized Nanobodies in Cultured Cells

Published on: February 21, 2019

Live-cell Imaging of Endocytic Transport using Functionalized Nanobodies in Cultured Cells
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Live-cell Imaging of Endocytic Transport using Functionalized Nanobodies in Cultured Cells

Published on: October 17, 2025

Quantitative Localization of a Golgi Protein by Imaging Its Center of Fluorescence Mass
13:08

Quantitative Localization of a Golgi Protein by Imaging Its Center of Fluorescence Mass

Published on: August 10, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Retrograde membrane transport from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) is crucial for cellular function.
  • These pathways are essential for recycling membrane proteins like sorting receptors and transporters.
  • They also serve as entry points for intracellular transport of bacterial toxins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding endosome-to-TGN retrograde transport pathways.
  • To discuss the role of trans-Golgi network organization in these processes.
  • To highlight the development of analytical approaches for quantitatively tracking cargo.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research on retrograde transport.
  • Analysis of the molecular machinery and cargo specificity of different pathways.
  • Discussion of emerging unbiased analytical techniques for cargo tracking.

Main Results:

  • Multiple distinct endosome-to-TGN pathways exist, varying by cargo and machinery.
  • Efficient retrograde transport relies on proper TGN organization.
  • New quantitative methods are being developed to track cargo movement.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding endosome-to-TGN retrograde transport is key to cellular recycling and pathogen entry.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate pathway diversity and TGN roles.
  • Advanced analytical tools will improve quantitative insights into these critical cellular routes.