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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Isolation of Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells by Multi-parameter Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting
07:36

Isolation of Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells by Multi-parameter Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting

Published on: May 1, 2015

Giant pediatric cervicofacial lymphatic malformations.

Salma Benazzou1, Malik Boulaadas, Leila Essakalli

  • 1Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and ENT, Avicenne University Medical Center, Rabat, Morocco. benazzou.s@hotmail.fr

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
|July 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Giant lymphangiomas (LMs) in children can impact breathing and swallowing, posing surgical challenges. Surgical excision is the primary treatment, though complications like nerve damage and recurrence can occur.

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Development of the Lymphatic System01:15

Development of the Lymphatic System

The development of lymphatic tissues and vessels in embryonic life begins around the fifth week. These structures originate from the mesoderm layer, with lymph sacs emerging from developing veins.
The first lymph sacs to form are the paired jugular lymph sacs located at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins. From these sacs, lymphatic capillary plexuses extend to the thorax, upper limbs, neck, and head, eventually forming lymphatic vessels. Each jugular lymph sac maintains a...

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Area of Science:

  • Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Pediatric Otolaryngology
  • Vascular Anomalies

Background:

  • Lymphatic malformations (LMs) are congenital benign vascular tumors.
  • Giant lymphangiomas, particularly in the head and neck, present significant therapeutic challenges due to potential airway and swallowing compromise.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the management and outcomes of giant head and neck lymphatic malformations in children.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness and complications associated with surgical intervention for life-threatening LMs.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of seven pediatric patients with giant head and neck LMs over 11 years.
  • Patients presented with respiratory compromise or dysphagia, requiring interventions such as tracheostomy.
  • Surgical excision was the primary treatment modality, with classification of lesion types (macrocystic, microcystic, mixed).

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Isolation of Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells by Multi-parameter Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting
07:36

Isolation of Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells by Multi-parameter Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting

Published on: May 1, 2015

Main Results:

  • Seven pediatric patients (3 male, 4 female, mean age 6 years) were identified.
  • Airway compromise (57%) and dysphagia (43%) were the main reasons for referral.
  • Four patients experienced complications, including nerve damage and recurrence, despite surgical resection (complete in 4, subtotal in 3).

Conclusions:

  • Giant cervicofacial lymphatic malformations in children necessitate a multidisciplinary management approach.
  • Surgical excision is the primary treatment for these life-threatening pediatric lesions.