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Updated: May 9, 2026

Real-Time Dynamic Navigation System for the Precise Quad-Zygomatic Implant Placement in a Patient with a Severely Atrophic Maxilla
Published on: October 18, 2021
Malformations of the zygomatic and maxillary regions
Chen Xu1, Yong Zhang, Yusheng Yang
1Center for Cleft Lip and Palate, Department of Oral & Cranio-Maxillofacial Science, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
Abstract:
The maxillofacial region develops during 3 to 8 weeks in an embryo. The process involves neural crest cell migration and proliferation as well as facial protrusion jointing and fusion. The maxillofacial region is one of the predilection sites of congenital malformations. We treated a 5-year-old Chinese boy with abnormal development of the left maxillofacial region. We describe in detail the patient's characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment processes and try to explain the possible causes of the disease.
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