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Related Concept Videos

Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Oct4GiP Reporter Assay to Study Genes that Regulate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Self-renewal
08:01

Oct4GiP Reporter Assay to Study Genes that Regulate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Self-renewal

Published on: May 30, 2012

Regulatory non-coding RNAs in pluripotent stem cells.

Alessandro Rosa1, Ali H Brivanlou

  • 1Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy. alessandro.rosa@uniroma1.it

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|July 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Regulatory non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), are crucial for maintaining pluripotency in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Understanding their roles is key to unlocking stem cell potential in development and medicine.

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A Simple Method to Identify Kinases That Regulate Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency by High-throughput Inhibitor Screening
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A Simple Method to Identify Kinases That Regulate Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency by High-throughput Inhibitor Screening

Published on: May 12, 2017

Optimized Quantitative Assessment of Enhancer RNA Stability in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
03:34

Optimized Quantitative Assessment of Enhancer RNA Stability in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: November 21, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Oct4GiP Reporter Assay to Study Genes that Regulate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Self-renewal
08:01

Oct4GiP Reporter Assay to Study Genes that Regulate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Self-renewal

Published on: May 30, 2012

A Simple Method to Identify Kinases That Regulate Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency by High-throughput Inhibitor Screening
07:18

A Simple Method to Identify Kinases That Regulate Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency by High-throughput Inhibitor Screening

Published on: May 12, 2017

Optimized Quantitative Assessment of Enhancer RNA Stability in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
03:34

Optimized Quantitative Assessment of Enhancer RNA Stability in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: November 21, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • The majority of the human genome transcribes RNA molecules that are not translated into proteins.
  • These non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) include short microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which play critical regulatory roles.
  • lncRNAs are multi-exonic, polyadenylated molecules found in the nucleus and cytoplasm, influencing transcription and post-transcriptional processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the accumulating evidence on the significance of ncRNAs in pluripotent stem cells.
  • To elucidate the multifaceted roles of regulatory ncRNAs in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
  • To highlight the interplay between ncRNAs, signaling pathways, transcriptional networks, and epigenetic factors in regulating stemness.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent findings on ncRNA function in pluripotent stem cells.
  • Analysis of ncRNA involvement in modulating pluripotency and differentiation.
  • Examination of ncRNA interactions with cellular signaling and epigenetic machinery.

Main Results:

  • ncRNAs are integral to the molecular regulation of pluripotency in ESCs and iPSCs.
  • Both microRNAs and lncRNAs exhibit diverse regulatory functions within pluripotent cells.
  • These ncRNAs collaborate with signaling pathways, transcription factors, and epigenetic modifiers.

Conclusions:

  • Regulatory ncRNAs are essential for maintaining the delicate balance between pluripotency and differentiation in stem cells.
  • A comprehensive understanding of ncRNA mechanisms is vital for advancing stem cell applications in regenerative medicine and disease modeling.
  • Further research into ncRNA networks will deepen our insight into stem cell biology.