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Related Concept Videos

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
Acid-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides02:24

Acid-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides

Epoxides that are three-membered ring systems are more reactive than other cyclic and acyclic ethers. The high reactivity of epoxides originates from the strain present in the ring. This ring strain acts as a driving force for epoxides to undergo ring-opening reactions either with halogen acids or weak nucleophiles in the presence of mild acid. The acid catalyst converts the epoxide oxygen, a poor leaving group, into an oxonium ion, a better leaving group, making the reaction feasible. The...
Base-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides02:26

Base-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides

Due to their highly strained structures, epoxides can readily undergo ring-opening reactions through nucleophilic substitution, either in the presence of an acid or a base. The nucleophilic substitution reactions in the presence of acid are called acid-catalyzed ring-opening reactions, and nucleophilic substitution reactions in the presence of a base are called base-catalyzed ring-opening reactions. Epoxides undergo base-catalyzed ring-opening reactions in the presence of a strong nucleophile...
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Photogeneration of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Application in Photoinduced Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization
12:19

Photogeneration of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Application in Photoinduced Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization

Published on: November 29, 2018

Redox-switchable ring-closing metathesis: catalyst design, synthesis, and study.

Kuppuswamy Arumugam1, C Daniel Varnado, Stephen Sproules

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|July 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed novel ferrocene-containing N-heterocyclic carbene ligands for catalysis. These ligands enable redox-controlled switching of catalytic activity in ruthenium and iridium complexes.

Keywords:
ferrocenehomogeneous catalysisolefin metathesisredox-switchable catalysisrutheniumspectroelectrochemistry

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Heterogeneous Removal of Water-Soluble Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalyst from Aqueous Media Via Host-Guest Interaction
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Heterogeneous Removal of Water-Soluble Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalyst from Aqueous Media Via Host-Guest Interaction

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Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry
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Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry

Published on: October 18, 2019

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Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Photogeneration of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Application in Photoinduced Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization
12:19

Photogeneration of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Application in Photoinduced Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization

Published on: November 29, 2018

Heterogeneous Removal of Water-Soluble Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalyst from Aqueous Media Via Host-Guest Interaction
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Heterogeneous Removal of Water-Soluble Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalyst from Aqueous Media Via Host-Guest Interaction

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Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry
09:37

Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry

Published on: October 18, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are versatile ligands in organometallic chemistry.
  • Ferrocene-containing ligands offer redox-active properties for tunable catalysis.
  • Controlling catalytic activity through external stimuli is a key challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize novel ferrocene-functionalized NHC ligands.
  • To investigate the redox properties of their metal complexes (Ir, Ru).
  • To explore their application in redox-switchable catalysis, specifically ring-closing metathesis.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of imidazolium salts and corresponding NHC ligands.
  • Complexation with iridium and ruthenium precursors.
  • Spectroelectrochemical analysis (IR, UV/Vis, EPR, Mössbauer spectroscopy).
  • Catalytic testing for ring-closing metathesis (RCM).
  • Redox switching experiments using oxidants and reductants.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of ferrocenylmethyl-substituted NHC ligands and their Ir/Ru complexes.
  • Demonstrated redox activity of the ferrocene moiety, influencing NHC electron-donating ability.
  • Selective oxidation of the iron center in a ruthenium complex was achieved.
  • Catalytic activity in RCM was observed for the Ru complexes.
  • Redox switching between active and inactive states of catalysis was demonstrated.
  • Second-generation ligands with pentamethylferrocenyl groups showed lower oxidation potentials.

Conclusions:

  • Ferrocene-containing NHCs provide a platform for redox-tunable catalysts.
  • The developed ruthenium complexes can be switched between catalytic states.
  • Lowering ferrocene oxidation potentials enhances redox-switching capabilities.