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Related Concept Videos

Fluorescence and Phosphorescence: Instrumentation01:25

Fluorescence and Phosphorescence: Instrumentation

Fluorometers and spectrofluorometers are two types of instruments used for measuring molecular fluorescence. These instruments differ in how they select excitation and emission wavelengths and the type of light sources they utilize. Fluorometers use absorption interference filters to choose excitation and emission wavelengths. The excitation source in a fluorometer is typically a low-pressure mercury vapor lamp that emits intense lines distributed throughout the ultraviolet and visible regions.

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Fluorescence detection methods for microfluidic droplet platforms
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Handheld Fluorometers for Lab-on-a-Chip Applications.

N Nelson, D Sander, M Dandin

    IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems
    |July 16, 2013
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers developed simple handheld fluorometers for biological assays. These devices use integrated sensors and optical filters for measuring cell metabolic activity and viability, aiding in cytotoxicity and pathogen detection.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Optoelectronics
    • Sensor Technology

    Background:

    • Fluorometers are crucial for biological assays, but existing devices can be bulky and expensive.
    • Miniaturization and integration of sensing components are key for developing portable diagnostic tools.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design, fabricate, and evaluate a class of simple handheld fluorometers.
    • To demonstrate the utility of these devices in biological assays for cell viability and metabolic activity.
    • To showcase the integration of advanced CMOS sensors with optical filters in a compact format.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a handheld fluorometer incorporating a differential active pixel sensor (APS) with in-pixel correlated double sampling (CDS).
    • Fabricated the APS using a 0.5-mu m 2-poly 3-metal complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process.
    • Integrated a high-rejection chromophore-based optical filter (2-(2'-hydroxy 5'-methylphenyl) benzotriazole or Sudan II) cast onto the sensor chip.

    Main Results:

    • The CMOS sensor exhibited a readout noise of 175.3 muV, reset noise of 360 muV, dynamic range of 59 dB, and conversion gain of 530 nV/e(-).
    • Two single-color fluorometers with long-pass wavelengths of 400 nm and 540 nm were constructed and tested.
    • Successful bioassays demonstrated the measurement of biological cell metabolic activity and viability.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed handheld fluorometers offer a simple and effective solution for biological measurements.
    • These devices have potential applications in cytotoxicity testing and pathogen detection.
    • The integration of CMOS sensor technology with optical filters enables portable and sensitive fluorescence detection.